New Bolton Center
(Continued from Page A 32)
thesized compound similar in structure to vitamin D-may
hold the answer for propping that player for the coming
game
Although vitamin D does stimulate the absorption of Ca
from the diet, as well as the mobilization of Ca from bone
tissue to the blood, there are problems associated with
injecting it into the cow. For one thing, vitamin D can be
toxic. Since it is fat soluble, a buildup of vitamin D in fat
tissue can actually overwhelm the cow’s ability to
regulate calcium level, says Moser.
And there’s also the problem of lag time. Response to
vitamin D injection can be delayed for as long as three to
10 days as the vitamin travels from the liver to the kid
neys.
Using the vitamin D analog, on the other hand, has
reduced this lag time to about 24 hours, Moser reports.
And the synthetic compound is more water soluble than
vitamin D, allowing it to leave the body more easily.
Dr. Moser points out that ongoing research in this area
is a joint venture involving the Universities of Penn
sylvania, Wisconsin and California. At present, New
Bolton’s project involves 100 cows representing eight to 10
herds in southeastern Pennsylvania,
Shipping Fever
Shipping fever is an expensive ailment. The total annual
cost to agriculture runs $4OO to $5OO million, and dairy
losses in Pennsylvania alone are estimated to be $6 5
million.
“And there’s a substantial loss in productivity, not just
death loss,” points out researcher Robert Dyer.
The disease commonly affects cattle three months of
age or older, and dairy cattle are usually affected by a
subclass known as enzootic pneumonia. .
Dyer notes that shipping fever usually results from the
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interaction of viruses, bacteria and stress. "There’s no
simple formula,” he says. “We're not dealing with just
one virus and one stress factor, but usually a com
bination.”
Though vaccines and antibiotics are the commonly
accepted means of dealing with the disease, Dyer stresses
that these measures haven’t proven to be very effective
Of the 30 viruses known to affect cows, vaccines are
available for only four of them, he points out
Taking a different tack, Dyer’s research has involved
developing techniques for collecting lung fluid and finding
out what makes a cow’s immune system tick. The
ultimate goal of his studies is to get out of the realm of
antibiotics by helping the immune system to fight the
battle. “If we can boost resistance in the immune system,
will we even need vaccines 9 ” Dr. Dyer concludes
i Iwlwl
Drs. Syed Kashmiri (left) and Phalguni Gupta
with New Bolton herd declared a national
resource.
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Though there is no known cure for the fatal disease
known as bovine leukemia, New Bolton researchers
Phalgum Gupta and Syed Kashmiri are closing in on the
development of an effective vaccine.
Bovine leukemia is a disease characterized by
malignant transformation of lymphoid cells, says Dr
Kashmiri, and large, swollen lymph nodes are the first
signs noted in cattle stricken with the ailment.
Two kinds of leukemias have been recognized, Kash
miri points out The least common is the juvenile form
that affects animals less than two years old. The adult
form is found in animals over two to three years old, and is
most common in the five to eight-year-old class. And it is
in this latter form that a virus known to cause the disease
has been isolated
The light at the end of the tunnel, says the researcher, is
a newly discovered protein that actually inhibits the
growth of the virus. And current research at New Bolton
centers around the development of a vaccine derived from
this protein.
And Dr. Kashmiri points out that the outcome may well
have implications for human health as well, since the
viral agent is closely related to the causative agents for
both human T-cell leukemia and Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome, more commonly known as AIDS.
Facilitating studies at New Bolton is a herd of dairy
cows known to contain cows that are highly susceptible to
leukemia, as well as others that are highly resistant to the
disease. Recognizing the New Bolton cows as the only
herd in the world containing both high- and low-risk
subjects, the National Cancer Institute has declared the
herd a national resource, and is providing funding for its
maintenance.
\v>
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Bovine Leukemia
Anything that transmits blood-from insects to bad
veterinary practice-is capable of spreading the disease,
notes Kashmiri.
i I
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