Cornell
ITHACA, NY - The space
shuttle, scheduled to take off from
Kennedy Space Center in early
June, will carry a corn variety
from Cornell University for an
experiment on plant growth in
space.
Making the historic flight will be
“Cornell 281,” a popular Cornell
com variety in commercial use
since 1978 in the northeastern
United States. Highly productive,
it is grown for grain or silage.
Part of a pilot program designed
to introduce college students to
space research, the com ex
periment is scheduled to begin
June 6. That’s when the space
shuttle will blast into earth orbit
for five days, according to La
Donna Montgomery of the
Bionetics Corporation at the
Kennedy Space Center. The firm
will be conducting the experiment
undere a contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).
The aim is to examine gravity as
a stress on plant growth, following
a finding by scientists at the Boyce
Thompson Institute for Plant
Research located on the Cornell
campus.
The finding was made in a study
conducted by Carl Leopold, a BIT
scientist, and Mordecai D. Jaffe,
who was a visiting scientist at BTI
in 1983. Jaffe is a professor at
Wake Forest University in North
Carolina.
Leopold says that when corn
plants were given a changed
gravity orientation, by holding
them in a horizontal position, the
amount of -a cell-wall material
known as callose increased in the
tissue-a response scientists had
never seen before. Cornell 218 was
used in this study.
Based on the BTI study,
Bionetics scientists decided to test
the same Cornell corn in space,
where gravity is zero, to see if a
similar response would occur in
weightless conditions, among
other things.
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281 corn goes even farther than expected
Through Leopold and the New
York Seed Improvement
Cooperative, located near the
Cornell campus, Bionetics
scientists have obtained the
Cornell 281 com seed for the flight
experiment.
News of the space test involving
the Cornell com came as a sur
prise to William D. Pardee,
chairman of the department of
plant breeding and biometry in the
New York State College of
Agriculture and Lift- c -
Soybean checkoff program helps find new markets
ST. LOUIS, MO - Times are
tough for U.S. farmers. But it’s
said that tough times never last,
tough people do. U.S. soybean
farmers like Page Box, Jr., of
Ripley, Term., are among the
toughest.
Box is a part of a new breed of
soybean farmer. These farmers
are fighting tough economic times,
and they have a unique weapon in
their arsenal: the soybean
checkoff program.
Through this program, Box and
other farmers in 26 states invest a
portion of their soybean income
(one-half cent to two cents per
bushel) in programs to improve
their soybean profits.
Box says that farmer funds
generated through soybean
checkoff programs are invested in
research, education, and
promotion. In most states, farmers
commit about one-half of their
checkoff funds to market
promotion programs of the
Americdh Soybean Association.
With its headquarters in St.
Louis, the Soybean Association,
through its 11 overseas Offices,
coordinates more than 200 market
promotion projects in 76 countries.
“Soybean Association projects
benefit the farmer,” says Box.
• South America. Soybean
Association projects replace
OMHkton OfAmtriei't S*si Amm! Siffim i
Booked on Space Shuttle flight:
Cornell.
“We are delighted that our com
can be helpful in this space
research,” he comments. “We
thought Cornell 281 would go far,
but this is further than we ex
pected.”
During the June flight, com
seedlings will be germinated in the
shuttle’s mid-deck locker known as
the "Plant Growth Unit.” If all
goes well, one-half of the com
seedlings will be harvested and
frozen in space Wwo of
demand for Brazilian meal and oil
with demand for U.S. beans. The
Soybean Association estimates
that soybean and soybean product
demand in Colombia, Venezuela,
and Peru could grow from 1.2
million metric tons to 2.7 million
metric tons...and U.S. soybean
farmers may supply most of the
market.
• Turkey. Farmer-funded
Soybean Association efforts en
couraged the Turkish government
to lift'heavy import restrictions on
soybean meal. Last August, for the
first time Turkey bought 77,000
metric tons of new crop U.S. beans.
That’s equivalent to 2.8 million
bushels.
• Japan. The Soybean
Association invests checkoff funds
in poultry feeding trials which
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growth in space. The other half will
be harvested one hour after the
shuttle returns to earth.
The tissue grown during the
space flight will be compared with
tissue from ground-based control
treatments as well as samples
from flight simulation treatments.
These treatments will include the
growth of seedlings in pots, in an
environmental growth chamber
mimicking the conditions in the
shuttle’s plant growth unit, and on
plant clinostats, an apparatus that
could substantially influence
soybean meal use in poultry
rations. Each one per cent in
crease in the amount of soybean
meal used to feed poultry could
increase meal demand by 110,000
metric tons. That’s equivalent to
5.1 million bushels of soybeans.
Box backs his belief in the
soybean checkoff with com
mitment to membership in the
Soybean Association. In the past
year, Box signed 128 new members
to the Tennessee Soybean
Association to lead the nation in
recruitment efforts.
“Soybeans farmers have to work
together to build markets,” says
Box. “We’ve got competition, and
it only gets stronger when you
produce fewer beans.”
Box says that since 1979 when
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rotates plants to neutralize
gravity.
The focus of the research is to
determine several stress in
dicators, including cell size, shape,
and callose deposition, according
to Montgomery.
The Cornell com variety was
developed by Clifford Manchester
and the late Clarence Grogan, both
corn breeders in Cornell’s
department of plant breeding and
biometry.
U.S. soybean production peaked,
Brazil and Argentina have in
creased soybean production by 60
lercent, and European production
>f sunflower and rapeseed m
reased 260 percent.
“We export about half of our
oybean crop and we can’t afford
} lose markets,” says Box. “With
le soybean checkoff and the
oybean Association, we’re going
i come out winners. ”
THII
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