WASHINGTON, D.C. - “The
time is ripe for a special com
mitment by farmers and ranchers
to end their 50-year struggle with
cattle brucellosis,” says a U.S.
Department of Agriculture of
ficial.
Brucellosis, can be eliminated,
according to Bert W. Hawkins,
administrator of USDA’s Animal
and Plant Health Inspection
Service. His agency coordinates
state-federal cooperative efforts
aimed at control and ultimate
eradication of the disease.
Hawkins said several European
countries principally exporters
of meat and dairy products have
wiped out brucellosis. And Canada,
with no known infection since
March 1984, may soon be another
example of successful eradication.
“But we don’t have to go outside
the United States to find success
stories,” said Hawkins. “Nineteen
states (including Pennsylvania)
and the U.S. Virgin Islands are
classified ‘brucellosis free’
meaning no known infection for at
least one year. Another 21 states
and Puerto Rico, rated Class A,
have very low herd infection rates
less than 2% infected herds per
thousand.”
States rated Free and Class A
contain more than 60 percent of the
nation’s breeding cattle,including
both beef and dairy breeds, he
said.
Hawkins said a Class B rating
means there are 2Vz to 15 infected
herds per thousand. States are
rated Class C when there are 16 or
more infected herds per thousand.
Sometimes called Bang’s
disease, brucellosis causes in
fected cows to abort or give birth to
weak calves. It also reduces milk
yields.
But brucellosis isn’t confined to
cattle, Hawkins said. Other
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Brucellosis: eradication may be just around the comer
animals and humans can acquire
the disease. Human symptoms
include fever, aches, chills and
fatigue bordering on exhaustion.
“We’ve truly come a long way
since the mid-19305, when more
than 11 percent of the cattle and 45
percent of the dairy herds in the
United States were infected with
brucellosis,” Hawkins said.
The first efforts at controlling
brucellosis on a national scale
began in 1934. But it wasn’t until
1950 that the eradication drive got
its first big push, when the Chicago
Board of Health said that within
five years only milk from
brucellosis-free herds would be
acceptable for human con
sumption.
“This stimulated states in the
northern dairy belt to begin
working earnestly to eliminate
brucellosis. Today, more than 80
percent of the nation’s dairy herds
are located in free or Class A
states,” said Hawkins.
“By contrast, a few primarily
beef states with year-round grass,
year-round calving, many cow-calf
operations and frequent cattle
sales were slow getting started
with eradication,” he said.
“Recently, however, these states
also have been showing signs of
dramatic progress.
“Mississippi, for instance, has
an excellent chance of moving
from Class C to Class B this year.
Already in 1985, Kansas, Georgia
and Tennessee have moved from
Class B to Class A.
“Minnesota recently became the
19th state to gain Free status.
Three other states Montana,
New Jersey and Wyoming are in
the count-down phase of going 12
months with no known infection,”
Hawkins said.
At the end of fiscal year 1984, the
infection rate in market cattle
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stood at 0.29 percent down from
0.37 percent the year before, and
down from 5 percent 30 years ago.
“We’re so close to wiping out
brucellosis in the United States. I’d
like to see a push in the next five
years to finish the job,” said
Hawkins. “But it will take com
mitment at every level: state,
federal and industry.
“The push will call for different
emphasis, depending upon a
state’s classification and the
degree of risk involved. Continuing
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Map shows current state classifications for cattle brucellosis.
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vaccination is important in areas
of moderate- to high-risk and for
producers selling cattle to these
areas.”
Hawkins said that for states with
only a few remaining brucellosis
affected herds, he would urge
elimination of entire herds to
quickly remove potential sources
of spread. Some federal indemnity
funds for this purpose are still
available this fiscal year, he said.
Hawkins cautioned that officials
and producers in Free states
do a
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cannot afford to relax, they must
remain continuously on guard
against re-introduction of
brucellosis. Any outbreak in Free
or Class A states should be viewed
with alarm and treated as an
emergency, he said.
“And I’d urge farmers and
ranchers in all states to suspect
burcellosis any time a cow aborts
or gives birth to a weak calf,” he
said. “With your diligence and
cooperation, we’ll see the end of
this menace once and for all.”
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