Dl6-Lancasttr Farming Saturday, April 13,1985
Toxic
National Geographic
News Service
WASHINGTON - Into the land it
goes, millions of metric tons of it a
year. Cyanide, pesticides, toxic
PCBs, paint sludge, raw materials
for varnish, carpets, and
detergents, and more-all con
stituting what's come to be known
as “hazardous-waste.”
It’s disposed of in pits, ponds,
deep wells, and landfills,
threatening America’s ground
water. It’s injected between rock
layers, or illegally sprayed on
ordinary trash, compacted, and
sent undetected to city landfills.
Sham recyclers even water down
heating fuel with liquid toxic waste
for resale.
ions of homeowners and small businesses send trash
daily to municipal landfills, most of which lack safe guards to
prevent leakage.
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wastes: They’re slowly poisoning America
No one knows the true sum of the
nation’s hazardous waste, but the
264 million metric tons regulated
by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency in 1981 would
fill the New Orleans Superdome
almost 1,500 over. Since 1950,
Americans have disposed of
possibly 6 billion tons in or on the
land, writes Allen A, Boraiko in a
comprehensive roundup of the
nation’s hazardous wates problem,
in the March National Geographic.
THOUSANDS OF SITES
By last October, EPA had
designated or proposed 786 waste
sites for a cleanup list, but the
agency estimates the list may
eventually grow to 2,500 sites. The
congressional Office of Technology
•Hi
Assessment estimated in March
that 10,000 or more dumps will end
up on the list at an eventual
cleanup cost of more than $lOO
billion.
The buildup of waste has steadily
increased citizens’ exposure to
chemicals that can cause cancer,
birth defects, miscarriages,
nervous disorders, blood diseases,
and damage to liver, kidneys, or
genes.
Hazardous waste can be as or
dinary as the mercury in an
exhausted watch battery or the
butane residue in a disposable
cigarette lighter, a few drops of lye
m an “empty” can of oven cleaner,
i't:
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or the toxic PCBs in an old TV set.
On a larger scale, a million
gallons of oil muck laced with
PCBs-once commonly used in
industry-were found at the huge
hazardous-waste dump near
Swartz Creek, Mich. So far 120,000
tons of waste and contaminated
soil from the site have been
reburied elsewhere, and the
cleanup is not complete.
Some progress is occurring.
Under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA), passed
by Congress in 1976, some
hazardous waste is monitored and
regulated. The Superfund, created
to clean up some of the nation’s
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EQUIPMENT, .NO.
(Lancaster County)
worst dumps, is about to be
renewed and may expand to more
than $lO billion. Environmental
groups and chemical companies
have formed a nonprofit cor
poration-Clean Sites Inc.-to aid
cleanup of at least 20 dump sites.
But vast amounts of toxic waste
still go unregulated. For example,
EPA annually exempts an
estimated 5 million tons of in
dustrial wastes discharged as
domestic sewage, including most
of the metal-finishing industry’s
toxic metal dregs.
ENFORCEMENT SPOTTY
Enforcement of RCRA rules and
(Turn to Page 017)
1978
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