Lancaster farming. (Lancaster, Pa., etc.) 1955-current, April 06, 1985, Image 165

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    ITHACA, NY - America’s
unmatched agricultural
technology, which has made the
United States the breadbasket of
the world, now has new powerful
tools - modem genetic techniques
- to achieve even greater strides
in the years ahead, according to a
panel of the nation’s leading
agricultural scientists.
Dramatic advances made in the
so-called “new biology,” known
more broadly as biotechnology,
offer scientists a “fresh starting
point” for progress toward
potentially great rewards, the
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“Neiv biology” gives new-tools to agriculture
panel says.
“What scientists will now be able
to accomplish through the use of
modern molecular genetic
techniques is awesome,” the group
points out. “To be slow in
acknowledging and employing the
power of these new tools would be
to delay the progress of American
agriculture.”
The 18-member panel, led by a
Cornell University scientist, made
the point in a comprehensive
report issued this month. The 120-
page report is based on a year-long
study conducted by a select
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committee created by the Board of
Agriculture of the National
Research Council (NCR)
Ralph W. F. Hardy, a visiting
professor of life sciences in the
New York State College of
Agriculture and Life Sciences at
Cornell, served as chairman of the
Board of Agriculture’s Committee
on Biosciences Research in
Agriculture, which prepared the
report - “New Directions of
Biosciences Research in
Agriculture: High-Reward Op
portunities.”
Two other Cornell scientists
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were members of the panel
Milton Zaitlin, associate director
f the Cornell Biotechnology
l / ' ( ofPSSOr , ’„'!t
pathology, and p- l
professor of nutritional
biochemistry.
The committee, says Hardy,
represented a breadth of
knowledge across the disciplines of
science as well as a combination of
experience in research,
management,a nd administration
ifiboth academe and industry.
The study was conducted for the
Agricultural Research Service, the
research arm of the U.S. Depart
ment of Agriculture, to identify
and recommend areas of research
in “bioregulation” to be pursued to
“ensure the highest dividends to
agriculture.”
“The basic research approaches
and goals outlined in this study can
apply to the agricultural research
immunity at all levels,” says
Hardy, who is also president of a
Boston-based biotechnology firm
known as BioTechnica In
ternational.
Pointing to the great potential of
molecular genetic and recom
binant DNA techniques, or gene
splicing, the NRC report suggests
how these scientific tools might be
used, along with other methods, to
yield new insights into studies of
food animals, crop plants, and
disease organisms and insect pests
attacking food plants and animals.
The development of genetic
theory, the growing understanding
of the DNA molecule, and the
expanding capabilities in cell and
tissue culture now enable scien
tists to manipulate the gene - the
basic blueprint of life to boost
the efficiency and productivity of
American agriculture, the report
says.
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“Modern genetic technology,
including recombinant DNA and
the ability to isolate, transfer, and
express foreign genes in crop
plants and food animals, will likely
have a major impact on
agriculture comparable to that of
the discovery of the laws of
inheritance in the late 1800 s,” the
report points out
VVhai .scientists have come to
understand about plants and
animals over the past several
decades is impressive. The result
is an overall increase in
agricultural productivity of 240
percent in the past 50 years.
This increase is characterized by
dairy cows that have more than
doubled milk production per cow
since 1950 and by dramatic im
provements in grain yields.
Armed with the rapidly ad
vancing techniques of the new
biology, scientists now possess the
ability to visualize the gene - to
isolate, reproduce, and study its
structure amj its relations to the
processes ot living things, the
report notes.-
“The molecular genetic and
recombinapTDNA techniques are
opportunities, to be seized,” the
report stresses. “They are tools,
not an end in themselves. They can
be employed to discover additional
basic information about genes and
the protein products that trigger a
response to disease, regulate
growth and development, or
govern communication between
cells and between organs. ’ ’
Stressing the need to step up
basic research to develop further
the molecular genetic and
recombinant DNA techniques, the
report cites, some of the major
areas of research aimed at
boosting the agricultural ef-
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