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WASHINGTON - The wings are
British, the tail Spanish. The nose
is definitely French, the body
German, and the engines
American.
Flying with parts from 17
countries, some made as far away
as South Africa and Australia,
European-built Airbus jumbo jets
embody the globalization of
today’s manufacturing.
More and more products, in
cluding those stamped “Made in
U.5.A.," are being put together
with parts from several countries.
Or they travel thousands of miles
to a variety of nations to be
produced, sometimes crossing the
ocean twice before landing in our
hands.
A telltale maple-leaf sticker on
the door of a new 1984 Ford car sold
in Virginia reveals that it was
assembled in Canada. Its tran
smission came from Japan, its
engine from Mexico.
MULTINATIONAL CARS
As auto makers move toward
creating a “world car” in the
compact-size category, some
models already are coming off the
assembly line with parts from at
least a half dozen countries, from
Brazil to Taiwan. They may be
made either by U.S. subsidiaries in
other countries or in foreign-owned
factories.
Most cars now built in the United
States have some foreign parts in
them, usually about 10 to 15 per
cent of the total, according to
several automotive organizations.
A bill pending in Congress would
set limits on the "foreign content"
in cars made in the United States.
As American as it once was,
making baseball mitts and gloves
is "a global effort” today, says
once large U.S. manufacturer.
It depends on the availability of
quality leather and low-cost labor.
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From airbus to video games, manufacturing turns global
At least 80 percent of all mitts and
gloves sold in the United States are
made in Korea or Taiwan, the
Commerce Department reports
American baseballs also travel
long distances before the first
pitch. Their cork centers come
from Portugal; the threads and
leather covers are produced in the
United States. But the pieces are
shipped to Haiti, Honduras, or the
Dominican Republic to be hand
stitched together There is no
machine method for sewing
baseballs, and Caribbean labor is
cheaper.
A new office building in down
town Washington, D.C., contains
60,000 square feet of gleaming
Spanish pink granite. It was
quarried in northwestern Spam,
then trucked across Spain and
southern France to Pietrasanta,
Italy, to be cut into square sheets
and polished. The fimshed product
then was put on a ship for its U.S.
destination.
Indicative of the globalization
trend, which gained momentum in
the 19705, is the enormous increase
in the number of goods with parts
that are made in the United States,
shipped to other countries to be
assembled, then returned under
special provisions of the U.S.
Tariff Schedules. These imports
jumped from $953 million in 1966 to
$18.3 billion in 1982, the U.S. In
ternational Trade Commission
reports.
The tariff law enables U S
manufacturers, who pay duty only
on the value added in foreign
countries, to reduce then
production costs to compete with
foreign manufacturers. In
creasingly, parts are being
assembled in less-developed
countries where labor costs are
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lower. Great automation of U.S.
production facilities could reverse
the trend.
In the electronics field, light
weight components frequently are
made in the United States, flown to
the Far East to be combined with
foreign parts, assembled there,
then shipped back to this country
tor sale.
You almost have to tear
something apart to *ell where all
its parts came from, ' says James
McFee of the Commerce Depart
ment's International Trade Ad
ministration. The sourcing of
materials for personal computers
and word processors is becoming
very international. ’
The popular U.S. video-game
industry also is 'highly in
ternational and makes extensive
use of foreign components and
offshore production facilities,"
says Ralph Watkins of the In
ternational Trade Commission.
The manufacturers of most of
the world’s video games are based
in the United States, Japan, and
Taiwan. The largest producer of
hand-held video games, a U.S.
company, makes its games in
Hong Kong.
MADE IN U.S.A.?
For some U.S. color television
sets, the only parts made in
America are the picture tube and
the cabinet.
Whether they carry designer
labels or not, clothes travel in
international circles before
reaching the wearer. Fine
Egyptian cotton, tor example, may
be woven in Italy, sent off to Hong
Kong for tailoring into a blouse or
shirt, and enter a fourth country to
be worn.
Pre-cut denim fabric may leave
the United States for Mexico, the
Dominican Republic, Haiti, or
Costa Rica and come back as
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bluejeans. Paper cutouts cross the
border into Mexico to be made into
disposable apparel for U.S.
hospitals, from surgeons' hoods
and gloves to nurses’ caps
Make snacks cany
NEWARK, Del. - Snacks are a
way of life in America, and if
chosen wisely, they can provide
much-needed nutrition. But if
you’re a snacker, don’t forget to
count what you eat as part of your
daily food intake, says Delaware
extension county home economist
Claudia Holden.
"Snacks should carry their
weight in nutrition,” Holden says.
“Nutrition lightweights like soft
drinks, candy, fatty foods and
some fried foods are almost all
calories.”
According to a recent food
consumption survey, 75 percent of
Americans snack three to five
times during a three-day period.
Teenagers reportedly get one-third
to one-half of their calories from
snacks.
“Who you are and what you do
has a lot to do with choosing snacks
that are right for you,” Holden
says. “Most young children, for
example, can’t consume enough
food in regular meals to satisfy
their daily nutritional needs. So a
slice of bread, a wheat cracker, a
piece of cheese or fruit mid
morning or midafternoon can
supply them with enough added
energy to keep them from
becoming tired."
Teenagers need a lot of food to
provide for their growing bodies
and active lifestyles, the home
economist says. They should
choose snacks that supply protein,
vitamins and minerals, as well as
the right amount of energy.
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Even bits and pieces of women s
underwear-Amencan made-may
be shipped as far as the Philippines
to be fashioned into the finished
garment
weight in nutrition
Adults, whether 20 or 70, can also
benefit from snacks. The idea is to
eat things that are long on nutrition
but which provide no more calories
than the body can use.
Some older adults have chewing
or digestive problems that in
terfere with regular eating habits,
Holden says. Snacks can help them
develop a more comfortable eating
schedule and meet nutritional
needs.
•‘lt’s true that snacks can be bad
for you... bad when you gobble up
food that are loaded with salt,
sugar and fat but low in protein,
vitamins and minerals,” Holden
says. “And snacking can be bad
when caloric intake doesn’t
balance with caloric needs. But if
you use them to supply your body
with nutritious foods that are
lacking in your regular meals,
snacks can be good for you.”
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