Penn State ag engineer gets refrigeration study grant
UNIVERSITY PARK - Fruits
and vegetables could be stored for
longer periods of time and shipped
longer distances if better
refrigeration systems were
developed, Penn State food
engineer Sudhir Sastry says.
Sastry, an assistant professor of
agricultural engineering, was
awarded a $60,371 grant by The
American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers to study the “Effect of
temperature fluctuations on
transpiration and physiology of
fruits and vegetables in
refrigerated storage.”
Sastry explains that fruits and
vegetables are stored under
recommended refrigeration
conditions of temperature and
humidity. Manufacturers of
refrigeration systems, therefore,
build their units to meet these
conditions.
But temperatures fluctuate in
refrigeration systems, Sastry
says. Thermostat tolerances can
be too high. Evaporator coils must
also be defrosted, changing
refrigerator temperatures.
“There’s little information on
what these fluctuations do to the
regrigerated product,” he says.
Sastry says his research will
contribute toward building a
refrigeration system that extends
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shelf life - the amount of time a is determining the differences
product can be stored before among different types of produce,
spoilage. Sastry, food scientist Testing might prove that
Robert Beelman and a graduate refrigeration needs are unique for
student will work on the system for each fruit and vegetable. A refined
two years in Penn State’s Borland refrigeration system, he says,
Laboratory. must deal with that.
A major concern, Sastry asserts, “Flexibility might be built into
NEW YORK, Dairy farmers who
supplied milk plants regulated
under the New York-New Jersey
marketing orders during October
will be paid on the basis of a
uniform price of $13.83 per hun
dredweight. Market Administrator
Thomas A. Wilson also stated that
the price was $13.74 in September
and $13.74 in October 1983. The
uniform price is a marketwide
weighted average of the value of
farm milk used for fluid and
manufactured dairy products.
The seasonal incentive fund
returned a total of $3,954,744.20, or
$.443 per hundredweight to the
dairy farmers’ uniform price for
October. This fund was generated
by reducing the uniform price paid
to farmers during the high
production spring months.
A total of 16,748 dairy farmers
supplied the New York-New Jersey
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N.Y.-N.J. milk $13.83 for October
Milk Marketing Area with
893,075,176 pounds of milk during
October 1984. This was a decrease
of 4.5 percent (about 42 million
pounds) from last year. The gross
value to dairy farmers for milk
deliveries was $126,660,487.44. This
included differentials required to
be paid to dairy farmers but not
voluntary premiums or deductions
authorized by the farmer.
Regulated milk dealers (han
dlers) used 407,278,489 pounds of
milk for Class 1,45.6 percent of the
total. This milk is used for fluid
milk products such as
homogenized, flavored, low test,
and skim milks. For October,
handlers paid $14.55 per hun
dredweight (31.3 cents per quart)
for Class I milk compared with
$14.73 a year ago.
The balance (485,796,687 pounds
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new refrigeration
Sastry predicts.
Since refrigeration is important
in shipping as well as storage,
Sastry says his research will also
examine ways to hold fruits and
vegetables for a longer time during
transport.
or 54.4 percent) was used to
manufacture Class II products
including butter, cheese, ice
cream, and yogurt. Handlers paid
$12.70 per hundredweight for this
milk.
The uniform price is based on
milk containing 3.5 percent but-
Vegetable seminar set
WEXFORD - An all-day
educational seminar for com
mercial vegetable growers will
feature speakers from Penn State,
Rutgers, and agricultural supply
companies, as well as successful
growers. The annual “Western
Pennsylvania Commercial
Vegetable Growers Seminar” is
slated for Thursday, Dec. 13, from
8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. The location is
the Bradley House, Wexford, Rt.
19, approximately twelve miles
north of Pittsburgh, three miles
south of the Pennsylvania Turn
pike exit 3.
The program will feature a panel
of representatives from major
seed companies discussing
vegetable varieties. Weed control
in vegetable crops will also be
emphasized along with other topics
on commercial vegetable culture.
Major agricultural suppliers will
have commercial exhibits at a
trade show adjacent to the meeting
room.
This meeting annually attracts
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Lancaster Farming, Saturday November 10,1984-D23
systems,”
“Refrigerated shipping is a big
industry,” he says. “A better
refrigeration system can help
preserve fruits and vegetables for
longer periods.
“The refrigeration industry has
done well, but there are still im
provements that can be made. ”
terfat. For October 1984, there was
a price differential of 18.2 cents for
each one-tenth of one percent that
the milk tested above or below the
3.5 percent standard.
All prices quoted are for bulk
tank milk received within the 201-
210 mile zone from New York City.
over 150 commercial growers. It is
an educational opportunity not to
be missed by anyone involved in or
seriously interested in growing
vegetables for profit. Cost is $12.00
per person including a buffet
luncheon.
Pa. corn,
tobacco increase
HARRISBURG - Penn
sylvania’s 1984 production of com
and tobacco is expected to be
above last year, based on Nov. 1
conditions, according to the
Pennsylvania Crop Reporting
Service.
Com for grain production is
forecast at 137.8 million bushels, 90
percent above last year’s drought
stricken crop. Acreage for harvest
is estimated at 1.30 million with a
record yield of 106 bushels per
acre.
Tobacco production is forecast
at 24.0 million pounds, nine percent
above last year. Acreage for
harvest is expected at 12,000 with
an average yield of 2,000 pounds
per acre.
United States com production is
forecast at 7.53 billion bushels, up
81 percent from last year’s
drought-stricken crop. Acres for
harvest is set for 71.1 million, with
an average yield of 105.9 bushels
per acre.