Check beans for pod worms
NEWARK, Del. During the
early stages of pod formation,
soybean plants can tolerate large
amounts of pod damage without
yield loss. Research has shown
that plants compensate for pod
loss by increasing seed weight and
suppressing the natural abortion of
excess pods. However, significant
yield losses can occur when pods
are damaged after seed
enlargement, so close monitoring
and early detection of pod feeders
are needed to keep populations at
low levels.
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PENNSYLVANIA
AVONDALE
Thomas Power Equipment
215/268-2181
BIGLERVILLE
O.C. Rice, Inc.
717/677-8135
BLOOMSBURG
Tractor Parts Co.
717/784-0250
DOVER NEW PARK
Straley Farm Supply Inc. M & R Equipment, Inc.
717/292-4443 or 292-2631 717/993-2511
HONESDALE
Marshall Machinery, Inc.
717-729-7117
HONEY GROVE
Norman D. Clark & Son, Inc.
.717/734-3682
According to Delaware ex
tension pest management
specialist Joanne Whalen, the com
earworm, fall army worm, and
beet armyworm are the most
common pod feeders found in local
soybean fields. All three species
migrate northward and can be
found in Delaware from June on.
Adult moths lay their eggs on com
and grassy weeds until early
August. Once these plants mature
and dry down, moths begin to lay
eggs on soybeans and other
IRWIN STATE COLLEGE
Laspina Equipment Rishel’s Sales A Service
412/864-5147 814/238-7788
LEBANON
Keller Bros. Tractor Co.
717/949-6501
LITITZ
Keller Bros. Tractor Co.
717/626-2121
REYNOLDSVILLE
McGarvey Equipment, Inc.
814/653-9637
SPRING MILLS CHESTERTOWN
Rishel's Sales & Service W.N. Cooper & Son, Inc.
814/422-8826 301/778-3464
alternative host plants.
Since the com earworm is by far
the most important pod feeder on
area soybeans, it’s important to
know which fields are most at
tractive to egg laying moths.
Generally, says Whalen, late
blooming, open canopy soybeans
are favored. If peak flowering
occurs when moths are abundant,
economic levels of earworm
feeding are likely to occur.
Another factor which affects egg
laying is the openness of the
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WELLSBORO
Benedict’s Ford Tractor
717/724-2839
WESTCHESTER
M.S. Yearsley & Sons, Inc.
215/696-2990
FLEMINGTON
Poniatowskißros.,Equip.Co.
MARYLAND 201/782-3514
RISING SUN HAINESPORT
AG-IND Equipment Co., Inc. Material Handling Systems
301/658-5568 or 398-6132 609/267-6100
canopy. Earworm moths prefer to
lay eggs in the interior of plants.
Therefore, growers are more
likely to find high populations in
wide row, open canopy plantings.
Narrow row plantings generally
have tightly closed canopies when
moths are abundant, so earworms
do not build to conomic levels in
them.
The specialist advises farmers to
start looking for corn earworm and
fall armyworm larval feeding on
soybean leaves in early August.
J 4IIRI
HAGERSTOWN
Arnett’s Garage
301/733-0515
NEW JERSEY
ELMER
Roork’s Farm Supply, Inc.
609/358-3100
HAMMONTON
Rodio Tractor Sales, Inc.
609/561-0141
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, August 18,1984—F1 1
Initially teauaa teed on leaves,
Tlower buds, and young nods. But
larvae more than half an inch long
feed on developing pods and can
cause yield losses in a short time,
so sampling for young larvae gives
growers 5 to 7 days to make a
spray decision or to resample a
field.
Unlike the com earwom and fall
armyworm, the beet armyworm
generally feeds on foliage. Larvae
don’t begin feeding on pods until
they’re at least an inch long and
'populations are extremely high.
All three insects damage pods in
the same manner, but beet ar-
myworms are very hard to control
with insecticides, Whalen says.
This is why it’s important to know
which species is causing the
damage before making a control
decision.
The following descriptions
should help soybean producers
identify pod feeding worms:
Fall armyworm - Larvae have
three yellowish-white hairlines
down their back and four black
dots on the last abdominal
segment. They can be
distinguished from earworms and
beet armyworms by the prominent
inverted Y on the front of the head.
Com earworm - Larvae vary
from light green or pink to dark
brown. They are inactive when
disturbed and will roll up in a C
when knocked off a plant.
Beet armyworm - Larvae are
green with a black dot above the
second pair of true legs.
Whalen says to start looking for
small podworms on a weekly basis
in early August. Check fields twice
a week after the first worms are
found. Base control decision on a 3-
foot x 3-foot shake cloth sample
taken in five to 10 random areas
throughout a field. It is also
possible to estimate populations by
taking a random sample of five
sweeps in five areas of a field.
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