High grain diet destroys thiamine
CHICAGO, II “Rumen fer
mentation of high-grain diets
provides an apparent net synthesis
of B vitamins, niacin, riboflavin
and biotin, but results in a net
destruction of thiamine,” says Dr.
Jay C. Meiske, professor of animal
science, University of Minnesota.
Speaking to almost 600 scientists
and feed industry representatives
at the 32nd annual Pfizer Research
Conference, Dr. Meiske described
studies of dietary effects on B
vitamin metabolism in ruminants.
“The studies attempted to quantify
the effects of diet, dietary ad
ditives, such as antibiotics and
ionophores, on net B-vitamin
production in the rumen, and net
absorption in the small and large
intestines.
“The feeding of high-grain diets
and resulting net destruction of
thiamine, corroborates feedlot
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experience, where we often see
incidence of polioen
cephalomalacia (PEM), a
thiamine deficiency. This could be
due to production of thiaminases or
other vitamin antagonists.”
Dr. Meiske theorized that en
vironmental and managerial
factors also might contribute to the
problem. Because of genetic im
provements related to weight gain
and production, ruminant needs
for B vitamins may have in
creased. “We’re really pushing the
animals,” Dr. Meiske says. “If
they are unable to synthesize
sufficient B-complex vitamins, it
may "be necessary to supplement
the high-excesses, and results in
performance similar to that
achieved with standard corn
soybean meal diets,” he said.
Dr. David A. Roland, Sr., poultry
nutrition professor, Auburn
In New York State
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University, stated that the proper
time to boost calcium supplements
in pullet and hen changeover diets
is one week before first egg
production. “If egg producers wait
until birds are laying, more
calcium will be utilized in eggshell
production, birds will become
calcium-deficient and then
overconsume feed, a symptom of
calcium deficiency. Excess feed
consumption can cause increased
body weight and liver fat, higher
fat-pad weight, decreased shell
quality and development of fatty
liver hemorrhagic syndrome,”
Roland said.
Dr. Millard C. Calhoun,
associate professor at the San
Angelo Agricultural Experiment
Station of Texas A&M University,
described an innovative, in
tragastric, infusion technique
which provides a better un-
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Lancaster Farming, Saturday, June 2,1984—D13
; H
Jay C. Meiske
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scientists to predict certain
production situations, such as
sheep responses to additional
dietary protein, high rumen
bypass protein, and/or rumen
protected forms of specific amino
acids.-
For the past 32 years, the Pfizer
Research Conference has been
attended by several hundred
nutritionists, feed manufacturers,
government personnel, university
scientists and others associated
with the feed industry. The con
ference proceedings are a highly
regarded synopsis of research
information for industry and
educational associations. Copies
are available from Pfizer, Inc.
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CARLISLE Knisely’s
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