Powdery mildew is top wheat disease
Powdery mildew is the number
one disease of wheat in Penn
sylvania, according to H. Cole Jr.
Penn State professor of plant
pathology.
This statement is based on yield
loss data collected over the last
five years from research con
ducted by members of the Center
for Cereals Research. The actual
losses are affected by the relative
resistance or susceptibility of the
variety grown, the amount of
nitrogen applied to the crop, and
the weather conditions.
Growers do have some control
over the first two of these factors.
It is known that the variety Tyler is
extremely resistant to this disease,
while Hart is susceptible.
Also, the disease is more severe
as more nitrogen is added to the
crop.
There is a fungicide that is
available for both mildew and leaf
rust control. The chemical is
triadimefon, a product of the
Mobay Corporation and sold under
the trade name Bayleton. The use
of this chemical should follow
some general guidelines for op
timum yield benefit. This chemical
generally will not provide any
economic benefit if the wheat
variety is resistant to powdery
mildew. Also, application may not
be economical under low fertility
levels. Spray applications have
provided yield increases of up to 22
bushels per acre when used in
fields or plots that were being
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managed for high yield wheat
production.
Even under high yield produc
tion programs, the fungicide
should not be applied unless
disease conditions call for a spray.
Growers can make these spray
decisions if they can identify
mildew lesions on leaves and are
familiar with the wheat growth
stages. One application of
Bayleton at a rage of 4 oz. of
product per acre should provide
excellent mildew control. It is
recommended adding Dithane M
-45 (80 WP) at a rate of 2 lb. per
acre with the Bayleton as a
tankmix. This will suppress
Septoria which often moves in on
the leaves when mildew is
removed.
The wheat plants should be
examined at growth stages (GS) 6
through 9 to estimate the amount
of mildew in the field. Each
examination should consist of
looking at 20 main stems per field
of 10 acres or less. These stems
should be selected at random
throughout the field. Larger fields
will require more stems to
maintain accuracy. At GS 6, every
leaf on every plant should be
checked for mildew lesions. If
more than 50% of all the leaves
have mildew, regardless of the
amount, this calls for a spray.
If not, evaluate again at GS 7.
Here again look at 20 stems but
only examine the leaf below the top
leaf of the plant. If mildew is
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present over more than half of
these leaves, a spray would be
beneficial. If not, this same
procedure is used at GS 8. The final
evaluation is made at GS 9. Again
look at the leaf below the top leaf.
If the mildew is covering more
than 10% of the leaf area on half of
the leaves examined, a spray may
be applied. If not, the disease level
generally is not sufficient to cause
yield reductions.
Remember that only one spray is
necessary during the season, and
regardless of the growth stage,
once the spray has been applied, no
further evaluation is necessary.
Remember to follow all
precautions on the chemical label
and use proper spray techniques.
With the use of resistant varieties
and fungicides like Bayleton,
powdery mildew may hopefully
soon be classified as a minor
disease in Pennsylvania.
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NEWARK, Del. - Cold, wet
weather has again delayed
vegetable planting on Delmarva
this spring. April was very wet,
with 4.92 inches recorded for the
month on the rain gauge at the
University of Delaware Substation
near Georgetown. As all vegetable
growers know, such rainy spells
cause much frustration and
complicate the planting season.
“Producers who use plastic
mulches for any crops, especially
cantaloupes and watermelons,
have a hard decision to make, if
they can’t get into the fields to lay
their plastic and plant on it by mid-
May,” says University of
Delaware extension vegetable
specialist Ed Kee. “If these crops
go in later than May 15, will the
plastic provide enough earliness to
justify the extra expense?”
Even with plastic, he says
delayed plantings may not mature
before the season’s main harvest.
r nee prices usually drop as the
reason progresses, this could
negate the price advantage plastic
usually gives. On the other hand,
the good weed control and better
soil moisture conservation plastic
provides may still warrant its use.
Pea growers have also been
seriously affected by the wet
spring weather, Kee reports. The
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Wet weather affects
vegetable planting
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cooler temperatures delayed
planting, and peas usually have
more weed problems during a wet
spring. He recommends using
dinitro as a post-emergent
treatment. This should still do a
good job on young broadleaved
weeds, and a fair one on young
grasses.
The specialist advises growers to
scout fields so they know where the
weed pressure is. As temperatures
rise, reduce herbicide rates as
indicated on the label. Spray after
two or three days of sunny weather
to allow pea plants to harden up.
This will reduce the chance of
injury. Kee says Basagran is also
available for use on this crop, but
offers no particular advantage
over dinitro.
Though it’s usually not wise to
plant peas after April 30, some
years this can’t be avoided. Late
planted peas will be susceptible to
heat and drought stress which can
occur in June and early July. “In
this case,” he says, “the only
possible help will be to intensify
your irrigation program.
Flowering and seed enlargement
are the critical periods. Main
taining proper soil moisture
levels will help pollinate and
fertilize each pea in a pod. ”
Wet conditions have also
frustrated potato growers this
spring. As with cantaloupes, late
planting has ramifications in the
marketplace, since prices tend to
decline over the harvest season.
Weed problems seem to multiply
with later potato plantings, as they
do with peas, because the soil is
warmer and weeds germinate
faster. The standard program of
Lorox at dragoff followed by
Eptam at the first cultivation is
still a good one, the specialist says,
though it’s somewhat weak on
velvetleaf. Using Sencor after
dragoff may help where this weed
is a problem. Dual or Lasso may be
added with dragoff treatments for
extra grass control, but be aware
that these chemicals may injure
the crop. A post-emergence ap
plication of Sencor is possible in a
problem field, but may cause some
burning or tuber injury. Read
labels carefully and spray during
bright, sunny weather.
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