B32—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, May 12,1984
NEWARK, Del. Some farmers
still plant soybeans by pounds per
acre, and it’s costing them money.
Research has shown that seeding
rates for this crop should be based
on number of beans per foot of row,
not on seed weight, says University
of Delaware extension county
agent Dave Woodward.
He says plant populations are the
same for conventional and no-till
soybeans. Though population
depends somewhat on variety, it
depends primarily on row spacing,
and as a general rule the agent
recommends the following seeding
rates:
Row Spacing
(inches)
“Extensive research on soybean
row spacing and population at the
University of Delaware’s
Agricultural Experiment Station
and other universities has proved
that narrowing the rows improves
yields,” Woodward says. “Over
the years, traditional spacing has
been reduced from 40 to 30 inches.
But many growers now find it
advantageous to plant 15- or 7-inch
rows.”
Widths of less than 30 inches will
improve yields provided certain
management practices are used,
the agent says. He recommends
growers go to narrower spacing
when planting after small grain or
when using a recommended
herbicide program to control
weeds. Be sure to adjust seeding
rate to row width for the correct
plant population. If hard-to-control
weeds are present in a field, it’s
best to use chemical weed control
plus cultivation.
Besides row width and plants per
foot, other factors affect final
soybean population. For example,
Equine
vaccination urged
ANNAPOLIS, Md. - Horse
owners are being urged to vac
cinate their animals against
Eastern Equine En
cephalomyelitis (horse sleeping
sickness) which is often a serious
problem as mosquito populations
increase during warmer months.
Mosquitoes are the major tran
smitters of this viral disease.
While area mosquito control is
helpful it is only one measure that
can be used. Protective vaccines
for horses are necessary. Usually
eastern encephalomyelitis kills its
horse victims, the few survivors
often show incoordination and
impaired vision. A specific
treatment against the virus is not
available, only supportive treat
ment and nursing care are useful.
Effective vaccines are available
for horses and other equidae.
Animals must be vaccinated an
nually to be adequately protected.
It is best to vaccinate horses in the
spring before mosquito numbers
“build up” advises Dr. J.C. Shook,
State Veterinarian, Maryland
Department of Agriculture.
Veterinary practitioners can
best vaccinate horses now. If
vaccination is delayed until
sickness occurs veterinarians are
often too “bogged down” trying to
save sick horses to carry out
vaccinations. Supportive treat
ment can be expensive, yet not
necessarily prevent death.
Horses do not serve as a source
of eastern encephalomyelitis virus
to humans. The virus is per
petuated by a bird-mosquito-bird
cycle, with man' and horses being
“dead end” hosts fortius virus
Soybean planting tips outlined
the seed germination rate must be
known to establish a planting rate.
“If you must use poor quality seed,
test it with a seed treatment to find
out whether fungal infection is the
cause of low germination,”
Woodward advises. “If you’re
going to plant early in cool, wet soil
(below 55 degrees F) or in dry soil,
we recommend treating seeds with
a fungicide.”
Several materials, alone or
combined, will help control
common seedling blights and seed
decays, and promote early season
growth. For specific recom
Final Stand
(plants per foot of row)
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mendations on fungicides to use,
he suggests farmers contact their
county extehsion agent.
“Seed treatment has no serious
effect on nodulation where
nodulated soybeans have been
grown previously, Woodward says.
“Most available chemicals show
little or now adverse effect on the
Rhizobium bacterium if exposure
before planting is minimized, that
is, if the seed is planted within two
hours after treatment. If you plan
to apply Rhizobium and a
fungicide simultaneously in the
planter box. do the mixine inst
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before planting.”
Seed depths also affects final
stand. Plant seeds 1 to 2 inches
deep, depending on soil moisture,
temperature and general soil
condition. If seed is planted too
deep, crusting can occur and the
seedlings won’t have enough
strength to emerge, or their necks
will snap off as they come up.
Planter speed is another factor
that determines final plant
population. “Drive at recom
mended speeds and calibrate for
those speeds,” Woodward says.
“Driving faster will decrease the
ommom in the wood
Even if you’ve got a heavy dew-wet
crop, the KM32I won’t plug, and
won’t leave you worrying about
leaf loss.
Another reason is a new drive
system that lets you operate non
stop. Even taking square corners
with no drive line vibration or
danger of failure.
stand; going slower will increas(
it.”
Also make sure planter plate;
are the correct size and that th«
planting mechanism is in goot
repair.
Another way to influence final
stand is to inoculate soybean seeds
with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. If a
well-nodulated crop has been
grown in the field within the past
five years and soil pH is
satisfactory, inoculation is not
necessary, the bacteria may live in
the soil for several years, provided
conditions are not too acid.
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