Bacteria may hurt plants in many
MADISON, Wis. During late
spring or early fall frosts, some
strains of bacteria may play a
primary role in inciting plant
damage. Scientists of USDA’s
Agricultural Research Service
(ARS) and the University of
Wisconsin, here, now face the
challenge of controlling these
bacteria - possibly with other
strains of bacteria.
The main culprits, strains of the
bacteria, Pseudomonas synngae
and Erwmia herbicola, act as
nuclei in the formation of ice
crystals on plants, says chemist
Christen D. Upper of the ARS
Disease Resistance laboratory.
The bacteria, ice-nucleation
active (INA), are capable of
initiating crystallization of
supercooled water - water that
remains fluid at temperatures
below 0 degrees Celsius.
If no nuclei were on the leaves of
young corn, bean or tomato plants,
PUBLIC AUCTION
VALUABLE ANTIQUE
FURNITURE -FIGURINES
GLASSWARE
The undersigned will sell the following
on the premises known as Roscrea. U.S.
RT. 1, Conowingo Rd., Hart. Co.,
Darlington, MD (2 miles South of
Conowingo Dam & 12 miles North of Bel
Air) ON:
SATURDAY, OCT. 15,1983
AT: 10:00 A.M.
FURNITURE - Mataog. Chippendale lowboy
1800’s w/Chinese fretwork and Rococo shell;
Fed. classic column sideboard; 1800’s, tnahog.
veneer & paneled, lion paw w/spool splash
board; Vic. roll back love seat sofa, rosewood
w/chair & rocker; solid oak tbl. w/claw ft.,
center leg & 8 leaves; 4 oak chairs; Vic. slant
fronted desk w/ball & claw ft.; walnut 2 pc.
comer cupboard, top glass drs., individ. panes
& paneled dr. bottom; mahog. Butler’s desk
chest; Eastlake armchair; walnut sect’y
w/glass top book case; walnut spinet desk; 2
oak wash stands w/towel racks; carved oak
dresser w/mirror; dbl. brass bed w/scroll top;
pine jelly cupboard w/splash board & drawer
top; Irg. walnut tilt top tbl.; mahog. & brass
pedestal; 9 panel Southern blind front cup
board; tier pie crust Chippendale style tbl.;
crank victrola; Vic. comer chair; solid walnut
banquet tbl. w/6 leaves & center leg; baby
grand piano (plays well); walnut pier mirror
w/marble mantel; walnut china closet
w/crown glass; Vic. spool walnut baby crib;
wicker chair & rocker; Hitchcock chair; 2 drop
leaf tbls.; round oak store display; Empire
chest of drawers; 2 Vic. straight chairs; oak
coat rack; hiback single bed; Mission oak tbl.;
comb-back Windsor chair; pine kit. hutch
cabinet; iron ornate bed; bamboo chairs; oak
desk; ice box; side tbl. w/rope legs & claw ft;
oak dresser; press back oak rocker comer
back hutch; 2 drs.; many sma. tbls. & other
chairs.
CLOCKS • FIGURINES - OTHER ITEMS -
PA walnut grandfather’s clock, circa 1800,
weight driven; Mission oak wall clock; 2
Maxfield Parish prints; 2 Wallace Nutring
prints; 2-24” bronze statues; 20” marble bust;
2 Gothic cathedral lights; milk can; lamps; 1
horse sleigh; brass umbrella stand; glassware;
crystal; collectables: brass tbls.;
brass french horn; Currier & Ives “The Dove”;
200 yr. old fainting couch; sm. butcher block;
wrought iron love seat; Avon bottles; trunks;
comer loveseat; 2 hand tied quilts; many other
items.
AUCTIONEER’S NOTE: There are many
outstanding antique pieces in this sale.
TERMS: CASH OR PERSONAL CHECK
W/PROPER ID
ALL ITEMS SOU) AS IS
NOT RESPONSIBLE FOB ACCIDENTS DAY
OF SALE
Owners
CLIFFORD R. & FERN BROWN
Auctioneers-
WILLIAM H. AMOSS & GLENN
FREEMAN
Complete Auction & Appraisal Service
2303 Bel Air Road
Fallston, Maryland 21047
PHONE: 879-7272
LUNCH SERVED
water >nside the plant cells would
supercool to temperatures as low
as -5 degrees Celsius or 23
degrees Fahrenheit rather than
freeze and injure the plants, says
Upper.
Ice nuclei are important in
precipitation processes. Cloud
seeding, for example, is adding ice
nuclei to clouds.
In addition to their role m frost
damage, strains of Pseudomonas
synngae and Erwmia herbicola
sometimes cause yield-robbing
plant diseases as they colonize leaf
surfaces of a wide variety of crops
throughout the world.
A study by post-doctoral plant
pathologists Juhanne Lmdemann
and Helen A. Constantmidou,
University of Wisconsin
meteorologist William R. Barchet
and Upper concluded that plants
constitute the major source of
bacteria in the atmosphere and
that aerosol samples taken at plant
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Validated BrnceUods ft PaendoraUec Free herds.
Auctioneer-Hairy Bachman, Annville, Pa.
Friday Evening
NOV. 4,1983,7:00 P.M.
SALE TO BE HELD AT THE
Lebanon Area Fairgrounds
(CORNWALL & EVERGREEN RDS., VA MILES SOUTH OF)
Lebanon, PA
CALL OR WRITE
YORKSHIRES —LANDRACE DUROCS
Leon L. Arnold, R.D. 7, Box 7»5 Lawrence Arnold
[Lebanon, PA 17M2—717-273-SBM R.D. 13M, Womelsdorf, PA 195«7
717-953-8153
» 1
canopy levels must represent very
local sources.
Basis studies at Madison im
pinge on the question: Under what
environmental conditions will the
INA bacteria alight on plants,
survive and multiply to
populations that cause plant
disease or frost damage?
In an earlier field experiment
Upper and his colleagues used
antibiotics to reduce populations of
INA bacteria and they reduced
frost damage This control method
would not be practical in a farming
situation. However, the scientists
are hoping more practical ways
can be found as a result of then
basic studies.
A biological control of IMA
bacteria that looks promising is
seen in competing non-INA strains
of the same species as the of
fending bacteria. Some non-INA
strains have been found that will
compete with INA strains in
nature.
Strategies to control frost injury
to plants may depend in part on
studying the molecular nature of
the active ice nuclei. Such
research is being conducted at the
University of California, Berkeley,
by plant pathologist Steven E.
l/indow who as a graduate student
at Madison worked with Upper.
The study may help scientists
devise more sensitive methods
than they now have for identifying
INA bacteria in the air.
Then it may be possible to
Arnold’s 29th
HOG SALE
■JJ
70 BRED GILTS
40 BOARS (Seven to eight months old)
Feed Efficiency & Test Station Information
25 YORKSHIRE -15 DUROC
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Uacister Faimim, Saturday, October 8,1983-A39
determine the extent to which INA
bacteria are responsible for at
mospheric ice nuclei. INA bacteria
are probably the most abundant
naturally occurring ice nuclei
known that function at tem
peratures warmer than about-6
degrees Celsius, says Upper.
In their studies on plant sources
of airborne bacteria, the' scientists
found that the bacteria were
leaving canopies and mixing with
lower levels of the atmosphere. It
is probable. Upper says, that the
bacteria are earned aloft and
mixed throughout the troposhere.
The scientists found that on a dry
sunny day, wind transports more
live bacteria into the atmosphere
from the leaves of plants than from
bare soil.
The scientists observed abun
dant bacteria leaving a field of
heading winter wheat and flowing
into the air. On the same day just
above a field of very young com,
where lots of bare ground and little
plant surface was exposed to the
wind, bacteria concentrations
were only about 2 percent of
concentrations over the wheat.
Above the wheat field, con
centrations of bacteria sampled on
different days varied as much as
10-fold. This sort of variability
from day to day or even within a
day is common, Upper says.
In an alfalfa field, con
centrations only 10 meters inside
the field were mdistinquishable
ways
from concentrations 100 meters
into the field.
"We concluded that aerosol
samples taken at plant canopy
levels must represent very local
sources," said Upper.
All of this information may be
useful in the quest for economical
ways to reduce the gamble that
farmers take in northern States as
they try to produce com and other
crops between late spring and
early fail frosts.
In high-value crops such as
citrus, controlling INA bacteria
may be an especially attractive
alternative to using orchard
healers or other energy- and
capital-intensive methods to curb
frost damage.
Commercial application of the
research may be years away but
the study is an example of work
that could reduce crop losses,
helping alleviate hunger in the
future.
But the implications may go
even further.
‘The overall importance of
epiphytic bacteria, that is, the
bacteria that live on plant sur
faces, as the major source of the
bacteria in the air we breathe is
not yet known,” Upper says.
“However, it is likely that bac
terial plant pathogens can be
spread long distances. The bac
teria themselves may be
modifying our weather. Who
knows? They might even make us
sneeze!”
WHEAT
• CERT. HART, TITAN
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• LARGE OR SMALL GRAIN
TIMOTHY
• CLIMAX
REIST SEED COMPANY
Finest Seeds (Since 1925)
Mount Joy, PA 717-653-4121
PUBLIC AUCTION
ANTIQUES &
HOUSEHOLD ITEMS
SATURDAY, OCT. 22,1983
10:00 A.M.
Newport Road, Penryn, Pa. N. West of
Lititz.
Sale by
MARY S. BOMBERGER
Jljjodakj
287 Lime Rock Road
Lrtitz PA 17543
Elmer Murry 626 5244 626 2636
Richard Murry 626 8175 949 2280
Ken Miller 665 2073
- 3 * j Aj ' v ee
J 3 ■
S.rce 1903