Soil loss can be computed
HARRISBURG - When soil
conservationists tell farmers that
their fields are losing soil at a
certain rate, they are not making a
guess. It is a statement based on
research and over 40 years of use,
reports John Spitzer, Agronomist
for the USDA Soil Conservation
Service.
Developing equations to
calculate field soil loss began
about 1940 in the com belt. In 1946,
efforts began to adapt the formula
to other sections of the Nation. In
1952, the USDA Soil Conservation
Service in the Northeastern States
began to use the formula that has
become widely accepted. It is
commonly called the Universal
Soil Loss Equation (USLE).
Research on the formula was
conducted through Federal-State
cooperative projects in 27 states.
One of the projects was at Penn
State.
USLG is an erosion model
designed to predict the long-time,
average soil losses in runoff from
specific field areas under specific
cropping and management
systems, noted Spitzer.
The quotation will also compute
the average soil loss for a multiple
crop system, for a specific crop in
a rotation, or for a particular
cropstage period in a given crop
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year. Six factors are fed into the
formula. Spitzer identified the
factors in simple terms as (1)
rainfall and runoff - includes
factors for snowmelt and applied
water such as irrigation; (2) soil
credibility - varies with each type
of soil; (3) slope length - the longer
the slope, the higher the
credibility; (4) slope steepness -
the steeper the slope, the higher
the erosion; (5) cover and
management - open tilled crops
are more erosive than close tilled
or sod; and (6J support practices -
such as contour stnpcroppmg,
conservation tillage, terraces, etc.,
as compared to uphill and downhill
farming.
Spitzer cautioned that the for
mula data is not absolute;
however, it is the best information
of this type that is available. In
research studies where actual soil
erosion plot measurements were
compared to USLE, in 53% of the
cases, the difference was less than
one ton per acre; in 84% of the
cases, the difference was less than
two tons per acre.
Presently, soil conservationists
use a slide rule type soil loss
calculator to compute soil loss on
visits with farmers. Spitzer
predicted that the time is coming
when the conservationist will use a
step up
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portable computer to forecast soil
loss.
SCS conservationists are ex
perimenting with computer
models which will predict not only
soil loss," but when the soil is no
longer profitable under certain
crop and management systems.
They will also determine exactly
how much soil conserving prac
tices cost per ton of soil saved.
“How much soil are you losmg
from your fields?” asks Spitzer.
"It could be more than you think.
Kemember, soil erosion must
reach about 14 tons per acre before
it can be seen. If you can see
erosion in your fields—you’ve got a
problem.”
Hints for special laundering
NEWARK, DEL. - Im
mediately after using a toxic spray
for weeds or pests, both you and
your clothing need to be cleaned
thoroughly, says University of
Delaware extension home
economist Roxane Whittaker.
Remove all your clothes and
isolate them in a sealed plastic bag
or bucket with a lid. Keep them
there until you are ready to
launder. Meanwhile, shower and
shampoo thoroughly.
PennAg plans
grain meeting
EPHRATA PennAg Industries
Association will host a Gram
Quality Seminar and its anpual
Gram Meeting on Monday, June 27
at the Treadway Resort Inn m
Lancaster.
The seminar, from 9:30 a.m. to
4:30 p.m., will afford PennAG
members a chance to meet with
experts scrutinizing gram grading
and storage. “Wheat and Corn
Grading” is the topic of discussion
for Tyrone Robicheaux, Federal
Wash the contaminated clothing
separately from other family
laundry. Check the pesiticide label
and the garment care label for any
specific washing instructions.
Choose a heavy-duty phosphate
based detergent and use the
amount recommended on the box.
Set the washing machine for the
hot water temperature and long
washing cycle you would use for
heavily soiled garments. Do not
overload the machine. Dry as
usual.
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Complete Prevention of All
Insect Damage
Pesty Flying Insects Can Ruin
Outside Groups Such As
Church Gatherings, family
Picnics and Reunions.
THERMAL FOGGING
IS THE ANSWER
Kills Gnats, Mosquitoes, Bees and
All Flying Insects
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, June 4.1983—15
Gram Inspection Service,
Philadelphia. Other speakers
include BUI Craig, Bay State
Milling Co., Shiremanstown, to
talk about “Wheat Quality—The
Miller’s Perspective” and BUI
Griffith, Pestcon Systems, Inc.,
Shiremanstown, offering his
opinion on “Gram Fumigation.”
FoUowing the seminar, the
Gram Meeting wUI begin at 6:30
p.m. and will feature a special
guest speaker, Lavon Daugherty,
National Commercial Grain
Specialist of Clayton Brokerage
Co., St. Louis, Mo. Also, the
program wiU include reports from
PennAg officers.
Tickets are 115.00 per person per
program (lunch/dinner are in
cluded) and can be obtained from
PennAg at (717) 733-2238.
Also, PennAg announces that its
speaker for the 1983 convention in
September will be Earl Bute, U.S.
Secretary of Agriculture. He will
discuss “There Is Still a Rainbow
m Agriculture.”
Clean the machine by running it
a second time with detergent and
water but no clothes. For added
protection, wipe out the tub with
isopropyl alcohol.
Let Us Help You
Maintain The Beauty
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Your Trees
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17604
717-397-3721
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