D32—Lancaster Farming, Saturday June 4,1983
Genetic technology
(Continued from Page D3l)
With Syncro-Mate-B treatment,
estrus is predictable within a
narrow span of hours. Artificial
insemination can be scheduled or
“timed” without heat detection.
According to CEVA spokesmen,
the close synchronization of
Syncro-Mate-B, and “timed” in
semination without heat detec
tion, will enable many more beef
and dairy producers to take ad
vantage of A.I. Statistics show that
currently only about 5 percent of
the beef cattle industry uses A.I.
despite its recognized benefits. In
addition to being a boost to A. 1.,
Syncro-Mate-B is seen as playing a
role in the expanding use of em
bryo transfer at the producer level.
Freezing of Embryos
Partly because of the syn
chronization stumbling block,
attention in embryo transfer
research centered on a workable
means to preserve embryos. A
method of preservation is
desirable for two reasons. It
permits considerable elapsed time
between embryo collection and the
Bluetongue
in Florida
WASHINGTON, D.C.
A new serotype of
bluetongue virus has
been found in Ona, Fla.,
a U.S. Department of
Agriculture veterinari
an reports.
John K. Atwell,
deputy adminstrator of
USDA’s Animal and
Plant Health Inspection
Service, said this
serotype of the virus,
new to the United
States, was found in a
herd of cattle owned by
the University of
Florida.
Bluetongue is a
disease of cattle, sheep
and goats that is spread
by a biting midge of the
Culicoides family, he
said. Of 20 bluetongue
serotypes identified
worldwide, four
previously have been
found in the United
States.
The surveillance
studies are being
conducted by the
University of Florida as
part of a cooperative
effort of the university,
the Florida Department
of Agriculture and
USDA.
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transplanting procedure. And it
makes possible transfer of em
bryos over long distances, even
into export markets.
As a method of embryo
preservation, it was natural to look
to a freezing procedure similar to
the freezing of bull semen. If A.I.
bull “studs,” wh/ not “cow
studs?” The freezing procedure
was not satisfactory at first, partly
because intra-cellular water
formed crystals and damaged the
embryos. Later, a procedure for
removing most of the intra-cellular
water and the addition of
cyroprotectants such as glycerol
led to acceptable survival rates.
This has opened the door to much
wider use of the embryo transfer
procedure.
Embryo “Splitting”
Along with embryo preservation,
a practical method of splitting
embryos was achieved during the
past year. This technique has
significant implications at both the
research and producer level.
Embryos are collected at about the
60-cell stage. Using a micro
manipulator, embryos are divided
in half. One half is left in the
original “shell” and the other half
is placed in a “shell” from which
an unfertilized egg has been
removed.
As Dr. Elsden explains, embryo
splitting results in two genetically
identical animals. From a
research standpoint this is very
valuable because in testing, the
genetic factor is controlled. Also,
Dr. Elsden adds, with the freezing
technique one-half of a split em
bryo can be preserved or “saved.”
Citing the example of a bull, Dr.
Elsden points out that by the time a
bull’s descendants can be
evaluated and judged superior the
bull can already be 6 or 7 years old
and possibly past his peak fertility.
With embryo-splitting and
preservation, an identical animal
is in reverse, to be brought out
later and used as a sire for many
years if progeny from the first
half-embryo indicates superior
characteristics.
Beyond the embryo preservation
and splitting technology there lies
the field of recombinant DNA
where selected genes can be
transferred to produce tomorrow’s
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MAYNARD L. BEITZEL ~g«
Bam Our Business , net a sideline, Spraying sines 1961
Choosing Characteristics
We will take work within 100 mile rate of Lancaster
super animal. As envisioned, this leading in that direction but results
super animal will be genetically- are not “just around the comer,”
tailored to produce many more Research this goal will require
pounds of beef or milk from much continued painstaking research,
less feed, drastically' changing the tone, und further -technological
beef and dairy industry. advances.
Is such a thing possible? Ac- Rut considering the strides of the
cording to Dr. Elsden, research is P your > a lot can happen in a
short period of time.
Canada, PRC sponsor research
TORONTO, Canada - In a
forward-looking agreement,
Canadian sponsoring agencies and
the Peoples Republic of China
(PRC) have initiated a five-year
program of agronomic research
and education.
"This represents an important
opportunity to achieve more
balanced fertilization practices in
large areas of the PRC,” notes
K.M. Pretty, President of the
Potash & Phosphate Institute of
Canada (PPIC), an arm of the
worldwide Potash & Phosphate
Institute with headquarters in
Atlanta, Georgia. The PPIC office
in Toronto will serve as the
Canadian agency for im
plementing and coordinating the
program.
The sponsors include; the
Government Saskatchewan;
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Canadian International
Development Agency (CIDA);
Saskatchewan potash producers;
and PPIC.
The PRC now uses relatively
large amounts of nitrogenous
fertilizers. Attempts to further
increase food production by more
intensified cropping and improved
management have accentuated
potash deficiencies, especially in
southern regions of the country.
Existing unbalances in fertilizer
nutrient ratios must be corrected if
further significant gams in crop
yield are to be expected in potash
deficient areas. The current ratio
of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphate:
potash) used in China is ap-|«
proximately 1.0: 0.28; 0.04. '
Preliminary research indicates
that the short term goals should be
tc change this ratio to 1.0; 0.5:0.2.
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