D2o—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, May 28,1983
BY HERB JORDAN
Penn State Poultry Specialist
UNIVERSITY PARK - The
number of head of poultry on
Pennsylvania farms has
quadrupled over the past 17 years.
At the same tune the price of
commercial fertilizer has more
than tripled. Consequently, poultry
farmers are using more manure
and more often, along with too
much or too little commerical
fertilizer on each acre. This has
resulted in some problems which
will be discussed here.
Average values of plant nutrient
composition from laboratory tests
indicate poultry manure is
relatively high in nutrients. For
example fresh poultry manure
contains on the average 30-20-10
pounds of N-PjOj-KjO per ton. While
dry poultry manure may contain
90-70-40 pounds of N-P^) s or
more.
The plant nutrient content of
poultry manure vanes widely,
however, because of variation in
poultry ration, age and produc
tivity of the animal, moisture
content of manure and time in
storage which causes wide
variation in microbial activity.
This can cause significant changes
in the plant nutrient content of the
manure. Unidentified factors in
poultry manure, allowed to remain
warm and wet for 28 days or longer
in storage, can cause plant toxicity
when applied to cropland.
Drying Manure
More poultry manure is being
dried and stored m cage houses
today than ever before. This is
done by controlling leaks in
waterers, diverting outside sur
face water, stirring the manure
and drying it with fans. This
Hade’s Equipment Sales & Service
10355 Five Forks Rd.
Waynesboro. PA 17268"' ~
717-762-4985
Poultry manure use guidelines given
reduces the weight of manure
hauled to the field three- to sixfold
as well as making the material
more spreadable. This process
also lowers ammonia fumes m the
house which seems to improve bird
health, growth rate, egg produc
tion, fertility, hatchabihty, and
eggshell quality. Drying fresh
manure before storage holds its
real value.
It is recommended thdt all
poultry farms have a minimum of
2-3 acres cropland usable for
manure disposal per 1,000 head of
poultry capacity on the farm. Five
acres per 1,000 head capacity is
better. Useful acreage is in
terpreted by most farmers as
being less than one mile from the
barn or poultry house. Nearly all
manure is spread in this area or
even a smaller area. These
guidelines result in fairly low
application rates per acre. A
serious problem results in that it is
nearly impossible to purchase a
manure spreader in Pennsylvania
that will apply one to three tons
(dry matter) of poultry manure
per acre as recommended. Most
spreaders will spread 4-6 tons (dry
matter) per acre at the minimum
setting. Some spreaders have little
or no control of how much manure
is applied except for speed of
spreading. Driving a tractor and
spreader too fast is dangerous.
Soils receiving applications ot
poultry manure should be tested
regularly to determine build-ups of
plant nutrient levels m soils.
Excessive applications can cause
nutrient imbalance and increase
the soluble salt levels in soils
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Or take Option #3 A special cash option, in lieu of financing Options #1 and #2, on your
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133 Rothsville Station Rd
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(215)699-5871
Newcastle. DE
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RD 1, Sprint Mills, PA
(814)422-8805
Bethel. PA
(717)933-4114
thereby causing crop yields to
decrease. This soluble salt
problem may be greatest im
mediately after spreading. Ex
cessive applications can also lead
to surface and ground water
pollution problems. Soil testing is a
useful monitoring tool and when
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RDI, Cocan Station. PA
(717) 435-2921
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used in conjunction with manure
analyses can provide guidance in
determining appropriate
agronomic and environmentally
sound application rates. Soil and
manure analysis can be obtained
Attention
Beef & Perk Raisers
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HESS’ BUTCHER SHOP
2635 Willow Street Pike
r Willow Street, PA
717-464-3374
We Process the Old Fashioned Way
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ed to eligible locations Travel Certificates
for two (2) will be issued within 45 days ol
tractor purchase Certificates must be re
deemed for airline tickets by December 3)
1983 and cannot be redeemed for cash
Travel must be completed prior to March 1
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Government Agencies Departments do not
quality Otter void where prohibited by law
All otters valid now thru June 30 1983
(Turn to Page Oil)
4&
PAUL SHOVER’S, INC.
35 East Willow St
Carlisle. PA
(717)243-2686
Loysville, Pa
(717)789-3117