D26—Lancaster Fanning, Saturday, AprH 9,1983
COLLEGE PARK, Md. - Why
are agronomists and crop plant
breeders finding it so difficult to
push soybean harvests beyond the
current plateau of 27 bushels per
acre?
One reason is commercial
soybean varieties now available to
farmers have been developed from
only a few parents, all having
similar food conversion rates, say
scientists at the University of
Maryland's Eastern Shore
Soybean Research Institute.
This is a hinderance to higher
yields because there may be other
soybean varieties whose con
version of manufactured food to
the seed portion of the plant is
higher than the food conversion
rates of varieties planted now by
farmers.
The reason food conversion rates
are so important is simple.
Scientists would rather see the
food manufactured by a plant
converted into the seed portion of
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Food conversion rates may boost soybean yields
the plant, rather than the stem,
leaf or roots.
The seed portion, afterall,
represents the “economic yield” of
the soybean crop, according to
Robert Dadson, acting director of
the Soybean Research Institute.
There is historical evidence that
plant breeders - without actually
knowing it - developed high
yielding varieties of crops by
joining parents with high food
conversion rates.
In 50 years of wheat breeding,
says Dadson, the ratio of grain to
straw has increased ap
proximately 15 percentage points.
That, he adds, is a major con
tributor to a 29 percent increase in
wheat yields in the last half
century.
“We may be able to improve the
yield of the soybean plant if we can
selectively breed those parents
who convert most of their food into
the plant’s seed portion and a
minimum amount into the non
seed portion,” says Dadson.
Soybean scientists may be in
luck because they have access to
one of the world’s largest soybean
germplasm repositories.
Most of the 10,000 different
soybean cultivars banked in the
USDA germplasm collection at
Beef breeders sale April 30
ANGELICA, N.Y. - Seventy
five lots of beef breeding cattle
have been consigned to the Fourth
Annual Breeders Sale at 1 p.m.
April 30 at the Angelica Sales
Barn.
The sale is sponsored by the
Southwestern Division of the New
York Beef Cattlemen’s Association
and will feature purebred and
commercial Angus, Charolais,
Polled Herefords, Shorthorn and
Simmental cattle. James Ford of
Angelica, sale manager, said sale
lots will include bulls, bred cows,
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have never been examined for
their food conversion rates, says
Dadson.
Under Dadson, Maryland’s
Soybean Research Institute - on
Maryland’s Eastern Shore and in
the heart of the state’s soybean
country - has taken on the task of
cow/calf pairs and heifers.
The sale includes the dispersion
of the Charolais brood cow herd of
Circle B Farm, Little Genesee; the
last Shorthorn females from the
Robert Dalrymple herd at Ovid;
and dispersion of the King’s Grant
Farm simmental herd at Troy.
Ford noted seven consignors to the
April 30 sale are “repeat con
signors” and said, “this is an in
dication we are meeting the
marketing needs of Association
members.”
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evaluating approximately 170 of
the existing soybean cultivars.
Says Dadson, it is likely that
among the 10,000 plants in the
USDA collection there lurk a few
potential parents whose food
conversion rates make them ideal
candidates to help boost soybean
yields.
The Southwestern Division is
also sponsoring a feeder calf sale
atT p.m. April 23 at the Angelica
Sales Barn. Ford said about 300
head of feeder calves are expected
.to be consigned. They will be
penned as to weight, sex, breed,
and quality by the livestock
judging team at Alfred State
College.
Information about either sale
may be obtained from James
Ford, RDI, Angelica, 14709 dr 716-
466-7872.
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