There are new
PEORIA, ILL Doubtful oil
reserves and supplies, rising fuel
costs, pressures to reduce the farm
cost-price squeeze and, most
importantly, an urgent need to
preserve this Nation’s resource
heritage, soil and water.
These are real forces causing
U.S. farmers, ranchers, and
agricultural scientists to .re
evaluate forage crops - grasses
and legumes - and the agronomic
practices that affect them. When
managed properly, forage pasture
and range plants do more to
preserve soil and . water and
maintain soil productivity than
any other crops, says Gerald E.
Carlson, program leadedr for
forage and range research,
USDA’s Agricultural Research
Service.
Producers and researchers know
that dairy cattle and meat animals
can convert forages to food
products from land that is often
highly erodible and not suitable to
many cultivated food and feed
crops, he continues. Hus con
version not only produces food,
otherwise unavailable, but also
reduces loss of soil through erosion
that now averages five tons or
more an acre annually on much
U.S. cropland.
They realize that production of
forages, particularly legume
forages and range grasses, may
require less fuel and fertilizer, two
costly ingredients of production,
than other U.S. crops, Carlson
says. They know also that bacteria
on the roots of legume forages
convert nitrogen from the soil
atmosphere to a form the legiime
plants can use, and that some of
si*
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As toed enters the loading hopper and into the stainless steel mixing drum the
mechanical beam scale system weighs all Ingredients to the pound for the precise diet
your herd needs. The tilted rotating drum and stainless steel mixing paddles create a
tumble-mix effect that quickly blends the feed ingredients in 1 to 3 minutes Due to the
tilted position of the mixing drum, the feed is moved to the rear of themixlng chamber
where the return paddles scoop the feed Into the return auger The return auger then
moves the feed to the loading end of the mixing drum where the tumble mix cycle it
repeated To unload the blender no reverse rotating of the mixing drum it necessary
Simply lift the discharge deflector control to the unload position .The feed is then
deflected from the return auger into the discharge chute for quick unloading. The
stainless steel construction of the mixing drum and mixing paddles resists unwanted
forage material from building up inside the mixing chamber and insures a long rust
free operating life. Bolt together construction allows for quick installation of the
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the nitrogen is carried over in the
soil for ensuing crops in a planned
rotation.
For these reasons, ABS scien
tists are improving forage pasture
and range species through
research, often in cooperation with
State agricultural experiment
stations. This is done largely
through plant breeding and
selection and such other practices
as improving cropping systems,
tillage and seeding methods, and
nitrogen fixation. Here are a few
representative examples from
studies on major forage pasture
and range crops during the 1970’s
and MOO’s, in various parts of the
Nation.
A team of federal and state
scientists at St. Paul, Minn, is
redesigning alfalfa in basic
research for use as an annual to
enhance its value in crop rotations,
potentially one of this nation’s best
tools for maintaining _ soil
productivity. Alfalfa was chosen,
the scientists say, because it is the
most widely grown ILS. forage
legume, occupying nearly one
tenth of all U.S. cropland, and it is
efficient in fixing nitrogen for plant
use. The new alfalfa, expected to
be available to growers in the late
1900’s, also could be grown in some
areas where land is now fallowed,
plowed and left idle for a year.
Such a vegetative cover would help
prevent water and wind erosion of
exposedland
A major goal of the team is an
alfalfa for use as an annual crop
that, besides providing feed for
livestock, will leave ISO pounds of
nitrogen an acre for the following
year’s com crop when plowed
down. In limited field tests to date.
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forage crops on horizon
the team unu increased gram
yields by U percent as a result of
added nitrogen provided a com
crop following an experimental
alfalfa grown as an annual.
A team of scientists at Tifton,
Ga. has developed a new hybrid
bermudagrass, Tifton 44, that la so
nutrition-rich that, as a cattle feed,
it could add millions of pounds of
beef a year to the marketplace.
Cattle eating Tifton 44 have
averaged daily weight gains that
are 10 percent higher than beef
gains on Coastal bermudagrass,
the most widely used productive
pasture grass in the South.
Tifton 44 is also more win
terbardy than Coastal and can be
grown throughout a 500-mile strip
of land running from the South
Atlantic States to Central Texas.
Bermudagrass is a long-lived
perennial with ' a vigorous
spreading habit It establishes a
thick ground cover and rooting
system that is noted for superior
protection against losses of soil
and water.
Reed canaiygrass may move up
on the forage popularity charts
because of a new low-alkaloid
strain soon to be available to
growers. Gordon C. Marten, ARS
agronomist, found in studies at St.
Paul, Minn, that lambs grazing the
new strain, MN-76, gained 0.28
pounds per bead per day while
lambs on such older varieties as
Vantage gained 0.18 pounds and
Rise, 0.15 pounds per day. Reed
canary grass is widely adapted
particularly in the northern half of
the United States for wet pastures
and for waterways. It also does
well on upland soils. However, it
Drum
Height
Width
Loading Heighth
Discharge Heighth
50 cu ft
Mix Capacity
37 bu
At 25 lbs, per Cu. Ft.
1250 lb*.
Motor H.P.
Drum Ola.
Drum Length
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has not been widely accepted by
fanners because of its alkaloid
content, low palatability, and
problems with diarrhea. Only 3
percent of the lambs grazing MN
-76 exhibited diarrhea in the 2-year
pasture tests.
Scientists are determining more
suitable cropping systems for
legumes and breeding to improve
legumes that are better adapted to
add soils, so common to the
Northeast. This indudeds bird
sfoot trefoil, ladino clover, and red
clover - all of which produce.
nitrogen from soil atmosphere to
enhance plant growth.
Dairy scientist, H. J. Larsen,
University of Wisconsin, Madison,
found trefoil-grass haylage (or
silage) at least equal to alfalfa
grass haylage. Trefoil is grown on
more than a million acres in the
northeastern United States where
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soils are too wet for alfalfa. In the
Wisconsin studies, dairy cows on
the trefoil-grass haylage averaged
2.2 pounds more milk daily having
0.1 percent more butter fat Some
of the increase is attributed to
higher grain intake by cows on the
trefoil-grass haylage.
Agronomist Gordon C. Marten,
ARS, St Paul, Minn, tested lambs
on a pasture system including
birdsfoot trefoil and found they
gained 23 percent more than lambs
on alfalfa-grass pasture. The
increase in meat produced more
than offset the lower lamb
carrying capacity an acre of
trefoil.
Dairy nutritionist H. R. Conrad,
Ohio State University, Wooster,
found that ladino clover can make
a good partner for alfalfa. Over
seeded in alfalfa, ladino helped
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