NEWARK, Del. Antibiotics
were first used in swine feed
during the early 1950’5. Since then
researchers have sought ways to
improve the effectiveness of
penicillin, streptomycin,
chloratetracycline and
oxytetracycline in swine feeding
programs.
These antibiotics are used in
human medicine as well, and some
people would prefer that they be
used exclusively for that purpose.
However, livestock producers
have found that medications
sometimes improve gains and feed
conversion in animals.
“While the debate goes on, one
point remains clear,” says
University of Delaware extension
livestock specialist Richard
Fowler. “The search must con
tinue for new antibiotics or ef
fective combinations of existing
ones for animals.”
Efficient production is critical to
the pork industry, be says. The loss
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Diagnosis important in treating swine
of antibiotics for swine use would
cause a severe setback. There
would be less product and more
cost to consumers. Neither
producer nor consumer can afford
this, he says.
The University of Nebraska
recently evaluated the effects of
antibiotics on swine in a series of
three experiments. The results can
be instructive for Delmarva
producers, the specialist says.
In the first study, pigs fed
chloratetracycline (CTC) during
the grower phase gained the same
as pigs fed no antibiotic, and
required 3 percent more feed per
pound of grain. Although CTC
nearly always gives a response,
this time it didn’t In the same
study, Tylosin resulted in a 2-3
percent improvement in gain and
feed conversion when fed during
the grower phase. However, the
advantage was lost or reduced
during finishing.
These results may seem sur
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Box 432, R 4, Waynesburg, Pa. 15370
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201 Station Road, Quakertown, Pa. 18951
Troy Sales "Cooperative
Box 312, Troy, Pa. 16947
Valley Stockyard, Inc.
Box 231, Athens, Pa. 18810
Vintage Sales Stables, Inc.
Box 100, R 2. Paradise. Pa. 17562
Wyalusing Livestock Market
Wyalusing, Pa. 18853
(Mon.)
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prising, says Fowler. But the fact
is, not many producers know what
kind of response antibiotics give on
their farms. Continual use of the
same antibiotic results in .a_lo.wer
response than when it was fust
used. Some observers believe this
lowered response is due to in
creased bacterial resistance to the
antibiotics, or to improved
microbial cleanliness of facilities.
The lack of responsiveness to an
antibiotic may not be permanent,
the specialist says. Virginiamycin
did not produce much response as
a feed additive until recently. Yet
Nebraska research shows it im
proved gains and feed efficiency
10.3 percent and 4.5 percent,
respectively, during the grower
phase and 5.2 percent and 4.6
percent during the finisher phase.
A third experiment evaluated
the effect on gains and feed ef
ficiency of Carbadox and a wor
ming compound, pyrantel tartrate,
fed alone or in combination.
Carbadox, a chembiotic, can be fed
only up to 75 pounds of body
weight. Pigs fed this gained 12
percent faster on 7 percent less
feed per pound of gain than those
not treated. The advantage
disappeared by the time they
reached market weight, however.
Continuing the pigs on 50 grams
per ton of oxytetracycline during
the finishing phase was not ef
fective in maintaining the gain and
feed conversion advantage ob
tained earlier.
There was no improvement in
gain or feed efficiency from
feeding pyrantel tartrate.
Although it is regarded as an ex
cellent dewormer, the parasite
load on the confined pigs was low
in this study.
A separate Nebraska ex
periment evaluated water
medications for stressed feeder
nigs. Results indicated that routine
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I;3
wnc«ROWMOMim
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 2,1983—025
water medication of transported
purchased feeder pigs is not
always of benefit. There was no
improvement in performance or
decrease in death loss with the
addition of either a sulfa*
electrolyte or electrolyte-vitamin
solution to the drinking water for
five days after arrival
If producers decide to medicate
routinely, Fowler says it is best to
use a separate water medication
system to permit treatment either
of single pens or the whole bam.
“Research like this shows that
general medication for nonspecific
symptoms has questionable
value," says the specialist. “Water
medication of sick pigs for a
specific set of symptoms does work
well in my experience. The key is
to get a diagnosis and treat
promptly. Side pigs often drink
before they will consume dry
feed.”