r
CB—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, March 5,1983
UNIVERSITY PARK
servant com growers know that
certain problems often appear at
' specific stages during the growing
season. It is easier to anticipate
these problems by understanding
the stages of corn-plant
development.
It’s useful to think of the corn
growing season as consisting of six
stages: pre-emergence to knee
high; knee-high to tasseling;
silking to maturity; maturity to
harvest; storage.
The old rule of thumb - com
should be knee-high by the Fourth
of July has lost its usefulness as
farmers have advanced planting
dates to make better use of the
growing season.
A consequence of early planting
is slow early growth caused by
sods too cool, dry or too wet for
best growth. The slow growth of
second-stage corn can make the
plants more susceptible to damage
from insects such as cutworms,
wireworms and armyworms. Dry
soil also can hinder root
development, decreasing nutrient
uptake causing plant deficiencies.
Excessive soil moisture can have
the same effect, as can extremes in
soil pH and poor soil fertility.
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HANDY CLASSIFIED AD /<*>£
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IMPORTANT: Be sure to include name, address, and
Please publish my
starting with the
I enclose
MAIL TO:
LANCASTER FARMING
P.O. Box 366, llititz, PA 17543
NOTE: Please do not use this form for
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13-$2.60
17-$3.40
21-$4.20
25-$5.00
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33-$6.60
37-$7.40
Penn State
Single symptoms may have
several causes. An example:
yellowing between leaf veins may
indicate a shortage of manganese,
iron, or boron. Com in this stage
usually will grow out of such
problems as growing conditions
improve. Yields are not normally
reduced by temporary problems
during stage two.
Ob-
Stage three is a period of rapid
com growth. It begins when the
stem of the plant (which can be
seen only by removing the leaves
in knee-high com) begins to
lengthen rapidly. During this
period, new leaves emerge at the
rate of one every two or three days.
This rapid growth requires large
amounts of energy and soil
supplied nutrients. If the leaf area
or root size is reduced by insects
during this stage, damage can be
serious. Rootworms feeding on
roots may cause plants to fall over.
Stalk breakage, on the other hand,
may result from damage by
European corn borers or stalk
borers.
The requirement for mineral
nutrients during stage three may
outstrip the ablility of the roots to
supply essential elements. This
problem can be worse if roots are
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14-$2.80
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lists stages of corn growth
damaged by insects or cultivation,
or if soils are very wet or flooded.
Also, cloudy weather can slow
growth by reducing the energy
supply in the plant. As in stage two,
plants often grow out of those
symptoms once the cause is
corrected.
The end of stage three and the
beginning of stage four represent
the most critical period in the
development of the corn crop. This
is the time of kernel initiation,
pollen formation and shedding,
and fertilization. These are in
tricate processes. Poor conditions
during this period can be
devastating.
By the time the tassel emerges
and the ear shoot can be seen, the
plant is beginning to slow its rate of
vegetative growth and is in the
final stages of preparation for
pollen shed and kernel set. Most of
the energy in the plant at this time
is directed • toward producing
pollen and the ear structure.
Therefore, nutrient or drought
stress, especially dunng the 10 to
14 days before silking, can reduce
kernel number, the one- to two
week pollination period usually
occurs from mid-July to early
August, which is often the hottest,
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driest part of the summer. _
Rapid grain-filling begins two to
three weeks after silking and
continues up to maturity.
Photosynthetic energy supply
dictates the amount of grain
filling, so anything that reduces
active leaf area will reduce yields
during this period. Insects and leaf
diseases both reduce green leaf
area, and should be monitored
carefully.
Stalk-quality problems often can
develop during the grain-filling
period. Second-brood European
corn borer can cause stalk lodging
and ear drop. Stalk rot diseases
also can cause serious lodging
problems.
Corn reaches physiological
maturity - the end of stage four and
/ IT’S MAGIC /—A PH P N £, ,
How quickly C_j) 7 ii7 3 fo«??L
i You Get Results or 717-626-1164
jj
times
beginning of stage five - about
eight to nine weeks after silking.
Kernels at this time usually con
tain 30 to 35 percent moisture, and
some field drying is usually
necessary before harvest. The rate
of drydown depends on- both the
weather and the hybrid.
At this point in the season, extra
yield may far outweigh the cost of
artificial drying, so drydown rate,
while an important consideration,
should not be unduly favored over
yielding ability of a hybrid.
By the time stage six (storage) is
reached, a producer may feel that
the battle is over. Many bard-won
gains can be lost within a few days
if growers fail to protect against
storage problems.
CLfISSIFIgP.
PHONE: 717-626-1164
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Lancaster Farming
P.O. Box 366
Lititz, PA 17543
717-394-3047
or Lititz
717-626-1164
FARM EQUIPMENT, •
Locust posts, sawed,
round and split, stakes
and braces. Call after 8
. _ ...... P.M. 703-364-1389.
2 Farmall M tractors — —
w/blade and bucket. IH Chisholm - Ryder snap
400 Cyclo 4 row corn bean harvesters, all
planter. IH 3 btm. trailing machines complete w/M
disk plow w/hyd., JD 3 dump rewnd. and
btm. disk plow w/triple lift, painted, 609-769-3183.
IH 370 12' disk w/mulcher
att. IH 58N 8' disk. IH 153
4 row cultivator. 165 gall.
8 row wheat sprayer, 22'
steel flat bed truck body,
215-666-5410 after 6
p.m.
Set of 18 4x34 dual
wheels and tires. 814-
443-2193
For Sale - IH combine
• 101 w/2 tow corn head
and grain platform,
$l,OOO. 301-836-2982
between 7 and 9 P.M.
Hay buster 11068 no-till
drill w/legume box, used
one season, under 200
acres, asking $7,000.
301-836-2982 between 7
and 9 P.M.
The following categories
are available lor your
classified advertising
uFarm Equipment
U Silos & Unloaders
U Buildings & Supplies
U Grain Equipment
□ Dairy Equipment
□Livestock Equipment &
Supplies
□Cattle
□ Horses & Mules
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FARM EQUIPMENT
JD 5 btm. plow, nyd.
reset. 717-637-0192
IH 21x7" soybean special
drill w/double disc
openers, dual rib
press wheels w/deptn
control, $3,500,
301-272-3636 day,
301-272-2620 night
Rebuilt flail tank
spreaders, like new, 368
NH, 2155 Hawk Bill, small
starline, 717-776-6203. _
WANTED - hay pick-up
head and 1 row corn head
or 2 row narrow corn he»
(orIH ISO or #550 loraj
harvester. Reply to Ms*
Equipment Inc., New
Park. PA. phone,
717-993-2511.