KLTSVILLE, Md. -
rrow’s crops their
potential strengths and
weaknesses —are being tended by
today’s computers.
- Plant scientist Quentin Jones, of
the USDA’s Agricultural Research
Service said recently at the
National Wheat Research Con
ference that the National Plant
Germplasm System combining
die best of U.S. botanical sciences
with computer technology —''is
moving the nation toward better
stewardship of its plant genetic
resources.
Plant germplasm refers
collectively to genes or units or
heredity that determine plant
traits, such as growth habits,
mdrtional values of edible plant
pawl, or diseases resistance.
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u,s.
enters computer age crop stewardship
tempt to insure that plant breeders When fully operational, GRIN will Jones told tha Wheat Conference
and other scientists have a provide both ‘suppliers’ and audience that xome GRIN hard
diversity of plant germplasm to ‘demanders’ of germplasm with ware is installed and that USOA
continue to make crops more abundant date on over 400,000 Regional Plant Introduction
productive. accessions of germplasm in the Stations are loaning the Network
Jones provided an update of the form of seed and vegetatively with data. I
system for many of the nation's propagated stock. Many of the “Though weinow have more
wheat groweta, aa accessions are wild or semi-wild access to germ plasm data, the
agricultural scientists, and in- progenitors of today’s crop plants NPGS needs to increase its human
dustry and government officials and other ‘unimproved’ germ- resources," said Jones. “For
attending the first National Wheat plasm that will extremely valuable example, we need more evaluation
Research Conference. The coor- to breeders in the future. and enhancement of NPGS stock”,
dinated System, he said, is already . Suppliers (7,000 to 15,000 new With collections of such living
more efficient and workable than accessions are added each year) materials as seeds, there is
the haphazard assortment of acquire, maintain and distribute periodic need to remove samples
previously independent research plant germplasm and date. Major for field evaluation, and to inl
and collection stations that have suppliers include plant collection prove the quality and quantity of
joined the NPGS. curators and staffs of various seed accessions.
A computer-assisted Germ- USDA plant introduction stations. The National Plant Germplasm
plasm Resources Information Demanders or users of the NPGS System also includes many ad-
Network is the central nervous include plant breeders, scientists visory groups. Crop advisory
system of the NPGS, Jones said, and nurserymen. committees, for example, provide
research guidelines, and policy
and management activities for a
specific crop. The NPGS is also a
major component of an in
ternational plant germplasm
network.
For further information on the
NPGS or its components, contact
Stephen M. Berbench, USDA-ARS
Public Information Specialist
301/344-3542.
Stimulated largely by a near
national disaster - the 1970
epidemic of com leaf blight
federal, state and private
organizations created the National
Plant Germplasm System eight
years ago to help offeet so-called
‘genetic vulnerability’ of modem
crops.
According to Jones, who is
National Coordinator of NPGS,
national and in some cases world
trends have led to a few high
yielding varieties dominating
overall production of certain
crops. Such uniform varieties often
replace more traditional types,
with the result that unique traits
useful for adapting varieties to
changing conditions can be lost
forever.
Simply put, the NPGS is an at-
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