Q Ask the
VMD
***•
Leon Riegel
A reader asks:
What are the signs of nitrate
poisoning in cattle? Is it a seasonal
problem? Is there any prevention
or treament?
Or. Yorlete replies:
Nitrate poisoning in cattle is
usually caused by the ingestion of
forages, weeds, fertilizer or water
which contain a high nitrate
content- The signs of acute nitrate
poisoning are usually evident
within 4 hours after ingestion.
These signs classically are
characterized by difficulty
breathing (usually open-mouth
breathing), cyanotic (purple)
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mucous membranes, rapid heart
rate, weak pulse, generalized
weakness, along with an ,un
coordinated gait. Pregnant
animals frequently abort. There is
a characteristic chocolate
discoloration of the blood. In
severe cases death usually occurs
within 12-24 hours. The animal
frequently dies in convulsions.
Death is due to the nitrate
compound interfering with the
blood’s oxygen carrying capacity,
causing death by suffocation.
Confirmation of the cause of death
can be made by laboratory
analysis of stomach contents.
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■AM
A3KDI)P
Edgar Sheaffer
blood urine, forages, or water for
nitrate compounds. It should be
noted that nitrate poisoning is
unrelated to urea poisoning.
Nitrate poisoning can occur at
any tune of the year; however, it is
more likely to occur at certain
seasons. During the spring plan
ting season, Ammonium Nitrate
and Potassium Nitrate fertilizers
are available and can cause nitrate
poisoning if ingested.
Also runoff from fertilized fields
can contaminate drinking water
resulting in nitrate poisoning. In
the spring, immature green oats,
barley, wheat, and rye hay, and
R.D. 1 MOUNTAIN RD. DILLSBUR6, PA 17019
717-432-9738
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, July 24,1982—D13
sudan grass, corn or sorghum
fodder may contain high nitrate
levels. The plant nitrate content is
largely influenced by soil con
ditions: high soil nitrate content,
acid soil, drought followed by
moist soil conditions, and deceased
light all favor accumulation of
nitrates in forages.
In the fall-of the year, runoff
from silos is very high in nitrate
compounds. Harvesting of Sudan
grasses after frosting can result in
Cyanide poisoning which, although
completely unrelated can be
confused with nitrate poisoning.
’l’hg rigjf Af mfroto noior«r,tnft
be reduced by feeding high energy
feeds along with nitrate containing
forages. Ensiling nitrate forages is
beneficial in reducing their nitrate
content, the addition of Chlor
tetracychne at the rate of 15
mg/pound of feed is helpful for
approximately two weeks.
Nitrate poisoning is treated by
the intravenous injection of
methylene blue at the rate of 10
mg/pound body weight for cattle.
Mineral oil drenches are helpful in
counteracting local irritation of the
stomach as a result of the ingestion
of these caustic compounds.
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