P24—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 10,1982
Production practices reduce soybean seed
WOOSTER, Ohio - Later
planting, adequate soil fertility,
and planting soybeans following
corn in rotation will go a long way
in helping producers of soybeans
for seed avoid infection by a fungus
disease which causes "oor ger
mination, inadequate su and
low yields in many U.S. so/hean
growing areas.
D.L. Jeffers, a research
Tennessee man guilty
in Pa. bear case
HARRISBURG - A
Tennessee resident has
entered a guilty plea to
violations of the federal
Lacey Act and recently
was sentenced in an
ongoing investigation
into the illegal killing
and transporting of
Pennsylvania bear.
Ronald D. Long of
Morristown entered a
guilty plea to killing one
bear out of season in
McKean County,
Pennsylvania. Penn
sylvania game
protectors said three
bears were involved,
two of which previously
had been trapped and
tagged by the Game
Commission.
Under the Lacey Act,
which governs in
terstate transportation
of wildlife. Long was
sentenced to pay a
$l,OOO fine and to spend
twelve consecutive
weekends in jail (each
weekend will involve
incarceration from
Wednesday to Friday
and Saturday to Mon
day).
Long was also given a
one-year suspended jail
sentence, and was
placed on probation for
five years. Should he be
involved in a violation of
federal or state law
during the five-year
period, his probation
will be revoked and he
will be jailed for a year.
A federal grand jury
in Tennessee is still
considering the case,
and persons from
Pennsylvania and
Tennessee are subjects
in the grand jury’s
proceedings.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service Agent Leo
Badger is heading the
Pennsylvania phase of
the federal in
vestigation. He said the
bear which Long was
found guilty of killing
was taken during the
1980 Pennsylvania
archery deer season.
When Long was
sentenced in federal
district court in Ten
nessee, McKean County
District Game
Protectors Richard
Oliver and Guy Wald
man and Pennsylvania
Game Commission
Wildlife Biologists Gary
Alt and William Drake
were called to testify in
the proceedings.
Oliver said that bear
possessed by Long were
agronomist at the Ohio
Agricultural Research and
Development Center, Wooster,
reviewed results of Ohio research
with Phompeis disease during the
annual meeting of the American
Society of Agronomy.
The disease, also called pod and
stem bhght, is a serious problem in
Ohio and other humid regions of
the U.S. where soybean are grown.
taken at a dump at night
over bait with a light
and bow and arrow.
Pennsylvania charges
are pending in the case.
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Blue Ball, Pa.
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It reduces seed germination
resulting in poor stands and
significant yield losses for farmers
planting infected seed.
Jeffers reported that Ohio
studies showed that when the seed
crop was planted a month later
than the earliest possible planting
tune, harvested seed,averaged 17
percent lower incidence of the
disease and had 14 percent higher
germination. In Ohio, this later
planting date was about June 1.
Jeffers believes the disease
problems were reduced because
the late planted soybeans matured
during a period of decreasing
temperatures and unfavorable to
the fungus.
Soybean residue is a source of
fungus spores. Thus, planting
soybeans following corn in a crop
rotation sequence reduces in
fection. Jeffers said planting
soybeans following com rattier
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than soybeans in rotation resulted
in a 10 percent lower disease in
cidence and 9 percent higher
germination in harvested seed.
The Ohio State studies showed
that inadequate potassium m the
soil also was a significant factor in
severity of the seed disease in
early planted soybeans. Research
is continuing to determine the
reason for this effect.
While the disease is more
significant in seed-grade soybeans
than m market soybeans, severe
infection can cause moldy beans
while they are still in the pod.
Thus, Jeffers said growers of
market soybeans should also
consider crop rotation and
adequate fertility as important
practices to avoid Phomopiis
infection. Since later planting
reduces total yields, this practice
is not recommended for soybeans
produced for market.
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disease
Jeffers conducted his studies in
cooperation with OARDC plant
pathologist A.F. Schmitthenner
with support from the Ohio Seed
Association
Research Foundation. The two
researchers found that a f umgicide
(benomyl) can be used to control
Phomopsis on seed beans but do
not recommend it for general use.
The Ohio research team also in
vestigated whether or not tillage
would reduce disease inoculum
sufficiently to reduce disease in
cidence. Jeffers reported there
were no significant differences in
disease incidence or germination
between seed harvested from a
crop grown without plowing and
crops harvested from spring and
fall-plowed fields. He said there
apparently was enough residue left
on the surface after plowing to
provide spores to infect the sub
sequent crop.