EAST LANSING, Mich.
Scientists have now vaccinated
chicks - against Marek’s disease
through the eggshell, demon
strating for the hrst tune that
resistance to disease can be
established by that method, says
Jagdev M. Sharma, Agricultural
Research Service veterinary
medical officer.
Sharma, stationed at the AKS
Regional Poultry Research
Laboratory adjoining the Michigan
State University campus,
collaborated with Ben R. Bur
raester in developing the
technique.
••We were surprised by the
results,” Sharma says. "Chicks
were protected from Marek’s
In the USDA study, chicks that were vaccinated when
emSryos proved that inoculation did not reduce hatchability.
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Marek’s disease control a success
disease by the tune they hatched so
they overcame early exposure to
the disease much better than
chicks vaccinated at hatching, now
the common practice in com
mercial- production. The vac
cination had no adverse effect on
percent of hatch or rate of gam.”
To vaccinate the embryos, a
small hole was drilled in the shell
and the needle inserted into the
egg. The holes were then filled with
paraffin, although later tests
showed no ill effects from leaving
the holes unfilled. After hatching,
the chicks were exposed to
Marek’s disease by injection or by
air treatment.
"This prehatch vaccination
procedure may help overcome
•«*&
with eggshell vaccine
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vaccination failures that are an
increasing problem in commercial
poultry production,” Sharma says,
in most commercial flocks, vac
cine is injected shortly after
hatching. Within a few hours, the
chicks are placed in brooder
houses, where exposure to Marek’s
disease virus is likely. The tune
between vaccination and exposure
is sometimes so short that
chickens do not develop adequate
immunity, and some chicks get the
disease.
To confirm this theory, Sharma
put oft exposing some clucks to
Marek’s disease until 11 days after
hatching and vaccination. They
were fully resistant to the virus,
indicating that the vaccine and
vaccination procedure were ef
fective; the problem apparently
was due to lack of tune for im
.mumty to develop after vac
cination.
When birds vaccinated 3 days
before hatching were exposed to
Marek’s disease by 'injection 3
days after hatching, they suffered
14-percent losses. Birds vaccinated
the day of hatching and exposed 3
days later suffered 72-percent
losses.
“We found optimum protection
was achieved if vaccination was
done at about the lltth day of
embryonation,” Sharma says,
“the same time that embrypnated
eggs are routinely transferred to
hatching trays in commercial
operations. It may be possible for
producers to vaccinate and
transfer eggs at the same tune.
Whether our methods, under
laboratory conditions, would
be practical under commercial
conditions remains to be deter
mined. it also remains to be seen if
this method of vaccuiation is
feasible for other diseases.''
Eggs used in the tests came trom
chickens reared in isolation, free
from exposure to Marek’s disease
and othe tumor-causing viruses as
well as other bacterial and viral
poultry pathogens.
Sale of ’79 hunting licenses ends
HARRISBURG - Sale of out
dated 1979-80 hunting licenses has
been discontinued by the Penn
sylvania Game Commission. •
Outdated hunting licenses have
become popular Items for souvenir
hunters, collectors, history buffs.
Jaddev M. Sharma, veterinary medical officer, inoculates a
flat of chicken eggs with HVT vaccine from the flask while
laboratory technician Barry Couison removes the next flat
from the incubator for inoculation.
Wool Growers honor
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah -
Awards were presented to two
livestock agriculture leaders and
the family of- the Uurd at the
recently completed convention of
the National Wool Growers
Association ui Portland, Oregon.
Abner Rice ot Dillard, Oregon
was presented a Special Service
Award in recognition ut lus
"unique and dedicated service 1 ' to
the American sheep industry and
the NWGA. Rice, who is a
prominent Oregon sheep rancher,
spearheaded the drive to deteal the
1980 Oregon referendum that
would have banned the use ut steel
etc. The Game Commission first
made outdated hunting licenses
from the 1976-77 bicentennial year
available, and sold nearly 5,000 of
them when an instant demand
developed.
Interest in outdated licenses has
continued, although popularity has
dropped somewhat from the initial
offering. During the past year,
about 1,200 of the 1979-80 outdated
licenses were sold to collectors.
Although the 1979-80 licenses are
no longer available,' the Game
Commission is now offering for
sale outdated hunting licenses
from the 1980-81 year. Licenses
available at a fee of 25 cents each
include the archery stamp, the
muzzleloader stamp, nonresident
hunting license, sea’or resident
license, junior resident license and
adult resident license.
The Game Commission is also
offering for sale outdated 1981
resident and nonresident bear
licenses, at a fee of 50 cents each.
There is a $2 handling charge for
each order. Orders should be sent
to Pennsylvania- Game Com
mission, 8000 Derry St., P.O. Box
1567, Harrisburg, PA 17120.
ffiasims
PHACTKE FIRE PREVENTION
'• ™ ,
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, February 27,1982—A47
nat’l members
traps for predator control tn that
state.
in presenting the award to Kice,
Hob Geaney, also of Oregon and
treasurer of the national
association, said that the acton ot
Kice and his committee "served
notice that capricious and punitive
actions directed against produc
tion ot agriculture would be met
with strong and capable
resistance.” The reterenduin was
ultimately deleated by a two to one
margin.
Jim downs ot Utah State
University, was honored as the
recipient ot the Camp Tenders
Award, dedicated to persons who
aren't involved directly in the
production ol wool and lamb,
downs was cited tor his con
tribution ut the Held ol range
management and animal damage
control. His citation noted that “no
uidustry can survive without the
support and the assistance ut
people like downs whose prunary
concern is the adaption ut
prutessiunal techniques to
management problems.” downs is
trom Cedar City, Utah.
HI wood Hich and Koscoe J. Hich
were presented the McClure
Award in memory ot then
deceased lather, K.C. Hich. Kich
was a prununeiU Idaho rancher
who served as president ut the
National Wool Growers Association
in 1936. Hich was instrumental ui
the organization ut promotional
programs tor wool products,
among numerous other activities.
The McClue Award is the highest
honor the industry can bestow
upon a lamb and wool grower. It is
named tor a termer association
utticial, S.J. McClure, whose in-
novalive programs comprise
many ot the traditional activities
ot the NWGA today.
In honoring the Kich tanuly, Don
Meike, ot Kaycee, Wyoming who
serves as chairman ot the Board ot
the association, explained that
K.C. Kich •epitomized the
leadership and determination that
have been the hallmark ot the
industry and associaton over its
11/lh year span.” The National
Wool Growers Association is the
oldest national livestock
organization in the United Stales.
i »«r>*4r» v^