A34—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, February 27,1982
NEWARK, Del. Full-season no
till soybean production is a
relatively new program.
"There’s a clear advantage to
no-till over conventional practices,
provided your management is
good,” Umversity of Delaware
Extension crops specialist Frank
Webb told farmers gathered in
Salisbury for the recent Delmarva
Com and Soybean Technology
Conference. “But,” he stressed,
“this program is even more
demanding than growing no-till
corn because of the need tor ex
cellent weed control.”
Comparing yield results over the
past tour years in trials at the
University’s Georgetown Sub
station, Webb said conventional
soybeans averaged 33 bushels an
acre while full-season no-till beans
yielded 31 bushels. But when
soybeans were grown no-till in
three-year residue cornstalk
ground, they averaged 40 bushels
compared to only 27 under con
ventional tillage. He also referred
to Umversity of Maryland studies
where yield increases of 10 and 12
bushels, respectively, were ob
tained in 1980 and 1981 when full
season Essex beans were grown
no-till in 20-inch rows.
Webb who says he hopes to
develop a production for lull
season drilled soybeans com
parable to one he put together a
few years ago for no-till corn, says
Don’t get
benefited you. In fact, the fanner
probably benefited more than any
other working man. ’ ’
Highlights of the presentation
included; change in the law now
states that property between a
husband and wife are jointly
shared meaning if one party dies
the other pays no inheritance tax
under the new law; and a person
can now give a gift of up to $lO,OOO
a year without having to pay gift
tax.
This $lO,OOO gift clause is just one
of the ways famers can sell their
farm to sons or daughters when
they (the farmers! are still living
and not have them pay exorbitant
amounts of tax. Ten thousand
dollars of the total amount of
appraised value can be deducted
as gift from each parent, and
$lO,OOO each to the spouse of the son
or daughter, thus dropping the sale
price $40,000. For further ex
planaton and procedure, Blyer and
Crowley recommended consulting
your attorney.
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Full-season no-till soybeans show promise
a successful program for soybeans
requires five things: good
vegetative burn-down; proper
selection of residual weed control
chemicals; a good cover crop;
planting accuracy; and row
spacing of no more than 20 inches.
"As far as row spacing is con
cerned,” he said, ’’the closer the
rows, the better the yield”. Fifteen
inches is about as close as you can
get with present standard no-till
unit planters. Closer rows are
possible with a no-till gram drill;
however, his present data doesn’t
show a consistent or significant
yield advantage with rows closer
than 15 inches.
Plant population is critical with
no-till soybeans. This poses a real
problem tor producers when they
try to close up row spacing.
Standard no-till unit planters are
more accurate than current grain
drill models in achieving desired
seed placement because of the
design of them seed delivery
system.
“Unfortunately,” said Webb,
“the seed delivery mechanism of
today’s no-till gram drills is not
nearly accurate enough when it
comes to a seven-inch row, where
you want only two seeds per foot. If
you don’t watch your seeding rate
very closely, you could get reduced
yields from too many plants,” he
warned.
Populations are the same tor no-
swamped
(Continued from Page A 29)
economic changes will be held
Thursday, March 11 at the Farm
and Home Center. To begin at 7:30
p.m., the program will feature
Hughes and Freund speaking on
farm transfer arrangements.
Included will be discussion of
parent agreements, partnerships,
contracts, corporations, in
stallment sales and tax ad
vantages.
A good cover 15 one ot the most
important factors 111 producing
successful full-season no-lill
soybeans.. It doesn’t seem to
matter what kind you use as lung
as it produces a good thick mulch.
This is unpurtant for both moisture
conservation and weed control.
You can plant m reside from the
previous crop or in a living cover.
The unpurtant thing is fur the
ground surface to be fairly level
with no equipment ruts so that you
gel even seed depth.
Many crop residues are
available tor no-tillage soybeans,
Webb said. Those that provide the
most mulch are best. Corn stalks
and soybean stubbie may be used,
'but these covers generally provide
poor mulch conditions which result
in heavier weed pressure, so you
need excellent chemical control.
Whichever kind ot cover you've
got, good vegetative burn-down at
planting and effective residual
weed control are critical to a
successful full-season no-till
soybean program.
In cases where herbicide per
formance has been less effective
than desired, to protect yields you
may need to make poslemergence
herbicide applications.
“Be aware ot a problem m tune
to correct it r ” he stressed. Once
the canopy is established, the -
soybean plants themselves will do
a good job of weed control.
ullage as they are for conventional
tillage. Hates are based on row
spacing and, to some degree,
variety.
Many growers already have
standard unit no-till planters on
their farms. He suggested they
first try growing full-season no-till
beans with them before investing
in a gram drill, unless they’re-also
planning to use it for small grams
as well. The specialist is currently
also working on a no-lill program
tor small gram production. Though
that’s still m the development
stage, so tar it looks pretty good,
he said.
Marestail or horseweed is one
potential problem with this
soybean croppmg system, it’s a
biennial, weed that’s hard to kill
even with Paraquat or Roundup.
Webb recommended , growers
consult his fact sheet on "Full
Season No-Tillage Soybean
Production” (available at Ex-.,
tension offices m Newark, Dover
and Georgetown, Del. tor details '
on how to control this and other
potential weed problems.
He described three programs
which, depending on field con
ditions, can provide effective
broadleaf weed and grass control.
The first calls for applymg
Paraquat (Paraquat CL or
Gramoxone; plus a surfactant and
2,4-D, ten to 14 days before plan
ting. Follow this up after planting
with a combination of Paraquat (if
needed; plus a surfactant, Lor ox,
and either Dual, Losso, or Surf Jan.
The second program calls for the
same pre-plant treatments fol
lowed after planting by Hound
up (additional surfactant may be
beneficial;, Lorox, and either
Dual, Lasso, or Surflan. Instead of
York holds hedging workshop
YORK You can use the futures
market to lock in a profitable price
when it is offered. To do this
requires some knowledge, some
skills and some discipline to follow
the markets and make timely
market decisions.
You have a chance to gam the
knowledge and skills by attending
an evening workshop on the
mechanics of hedging, on Monday,
March 15 from 7:30 to 9:30 p.m. at
the York County 4-H Center, Bair.
The program will include:
“Hedging as a Management Tool",
Roland Freund, Area Farm
Management agent; “How to
Hedge Your . Livestock Produc
tion”, Greg Strausbaugh, Merrill
Lynch; and “Hedging Your Gram
Production,” Ellis Grossnickle.
{*•-* s-r ~ v * 'J, O
the Koundup and Lasso you can
use Bronco, which _is a
package formulation containing 1.4
pounds of Houndup plus 2.6 pounds
of Lasso per gallon.
' With a good mulch cover and lew
broadleaf weeds and grasses
present, a tlurd option is open, in
this case, after planting apply
either Parquat CL or gramoxone
-plus a surfactant, or Bronco. Treat
residual broadleaf weeds with
Lorox or, where soils contaui two
percent or more orgamc mattter,
you could use either Sencor .or
Lexone. Uesidual grass control
can be provided by either Dual,
Lasso, or Surtlan. Check labels tor
specific rates to apply.
The specialist said he torsees the
no-Ull gram driii becoming ot
greater value ui the future for full
season no-Ull soybean production.
For the present, while all the bugs
are being worked out ot the
production package, he suggested
growers U'y just a tew acres of no
un full-season beans at first, while
they laid out what works best tor
them.
The session is sponsored by the
York County Cooperative Ex
.. tension Service in cooperauon with
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner,
and Smith inc.
To make reservations call
717/757-9657.’ - '