A22— iMCttter Fanatof, Satariay, Fefcmary 27,1982
Barnard, Adams outline challenges facing producers
BY LAUREL SCHAEFFER
Staff Correspondent
LEESPORT-Two Penn State
Extension specialists issued
warnings of caution to area
dairymen recently during the
Berks County Dairy Day, held here
at the county agricultural center.
‘ ‘The next few years don’t look to
be too bright,” warned Sid Bar*
nhard, extension food scientist.
“There are challenges to meet,”
he continued, explaining that
Commodity Credit Corporation
Stocks of butter, cheese, and
powdered milk are at very high
levels and increasing daily.
By mid-December 1981 the CCC
stocks of butter reached 200 million
pounds; cheese, 555 million
pounds; and powdered skim milk,
880 million pounds. He also noted
that the milk production trend was
still upward with production at 10
percent over demand.
Richard Adams, extension dairy
specialist, told the area farmers to
watch their debt load, since in
terest rates are too high. He
warned the dairymen to watch
then: capital outlay and expenses,
“forget the marginal items," he
added.
Listing several marginal items,
Adams included silage preser
vatives, feed additives, yeast, low
level antibiotics, surplus protein,
and excessive gram. The dairy
specialist also told his audience
that the average dairy farm is
feeding an excess of 1200 pounds ot
feed per cow.
"Milk fewer cows, "he told the
dairymen. “Cost accounts have
proven that you can sell off 25 to 30
percent ot your herd and still make
as much money, he continued.
Dairymen must become labor
efficient you can’t afford surplus
help.”
Adams told the dairymen
present that he expects the next
three or tour years to be tight tor
the milk producers.
Adams continued his discussion
on raising replacement heifers,
warning the dairymen they should
be striving tor adequate growth in
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these young animals. He reminded
the producers present to keep
ahead of worm and coccidiosis
problems and supply the heifers While discussing management of
with plenty of clean water. older heifers, Adams explained
The dairy specialist warned- they should be of adequate size
against “bargain milk” replacers without becoming 100 fat. Heifers
urging the producers to check the which are too fat have a tendency
labels lor ingredients and to have fatty reproductive tracts
cautioning them against using and smaller birth canals. Hoistems
replacers with wheat, oats or and Brown Swiss should weigh
soybean, flours, meat solubles, fish between 780 and 800 pounds at first
protein, glucose, sucrose or starch, breeding which should be between
"Vegetable proteins are not well 13 and 15 months of age, Adams
utilized until calves are three to sajd.
four weeks of age, he explained.
Adams also told the dairymen
that not all colostrum is of good
quality and it should be fed
properly. This includes timing, as
well as quantity. Infeno.'- colostrum
is produced from dams who have
only been dry three or four weeks;
were premilked; are leakers; are
deficient in protein, selenium,
vitamin E; or have liver damage,
Adams explained, interior
colostrum also results when it is
diluted or taken from a dirty ud
der. Adams told the dairymen to
substitute frozen colostrum it poor
colostrum is suspected. He advised
the producers to always keep five
to ten quarts of frozen colostrum
on hand. It should be fed for the
calf’s first two or three feedings in
its first 12 to 24 hours after birth.
The - dairy specialist recom
mended milk replacer containing
milk, skim, butter or whey with
protein levels of 22 to 28 percent; a
tat content ot 10 to 20 percent;
crude fiber at only 0.5 to 1.0 per
cent; iron at 125 parts per million
and Selenium 0.1 ppm.
Adams also suggested that sour
colostrum may be led, diluted to 2-
8 parts colostrum to one part
water, and ted at 10 percent
bodyweight. He warned against
feeding waste milk to calves it they
are to be sold less then 8 to 12
weeks after weaning.
Calves should also be given BoSe
the first week it they are not on a
good milk replacer because all
calves are deficient in vitamin £ at
birth. Calves also can be weaned at
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During Berks Dairy Pay
30 to 40 days of age it they are
eating one pound of concentrate
per day, Adams said.
At six months ot age heifers
should be fed a 12 percent/protem
ration and have a
hay equivalent intake of 2 percent
ot their body weight. They need
'feed available 10 to 12 hours per
day the specialist stated. And it
good quality hay or haylage is
available, they don’t need a lot ot
grain either, he concluded.
After issuing his warning to the
dairymen, Barnard took the floor
agam and continued his discussion
by stating tbat mutation cheese
currently has about 10 percenl-of
the real cheese market, primarily
in pizza and cheese dishes where
the difference cannot be easily
distinguished.
Use ot mutation cheese can cut
ingredient costs by up to 40 per
cent, he explained to the dairymen,
and he forecast the cost advantage
to increase. “Go after food
labeling,” he advised the
dairymen.
Barnard also explained UHT
milk to the dairymen, ft is a
pastuerization process tor milk
which increases the shelf life of
fresh milk to 6 -8 months without
refrigeration. Barnard explained
that UHT milk means ultra-high
For Cows
• Counters a variety of
common infections which
reduce milk production
• Effectively lessens the
stress associated with
calving and weaning
More and More
Farmers Are Using
HAY CURE
temperatures. The milk is heated
to 300 degrees tahrenheii tor one
second m a sterilized process and
put on a sterilized container.
Presently he estimates the cost
ot UHT processing to be about 20
cents more per quart of milk. He
predicted the costs will drop to
about 5 cents per quart with large
volume production.
Presently this form ot
pasteurized milk is marketed in
European countries, used on ships,
and purchased by campers and
hikers. There is one dairy on the
West Coast processing milk this
way, and two more plants are'
planned to start this year. Barnard
told the dairymen that UHT milk
will nut have much effect on milk
Jim Kile, far left, Lillian Harnish, Harold Myer, and Dave
Bitier were members of a panel of dairymen who discussed
management of young stock during the recent Berks Dairy
Day.
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WEDNESDAY
MARCH 10,1982
Wrtmer Fire Hall
Refreshments - 7:00-7:30 P.M. -
Meeting begins - 7:30 P.M.
SUBJECTS
Blue Mold Jack Beideman, Ciba Geigy
insect Control Dave Cot£, Chevron (
Steve Fisher, FviC
Cutworm Control ... Tom Tuliey, Dow Chemical
Weeds, Sucker
Control &
Fertilization John Yocum, Penn State
Extension
ANY TOBACCO FARMERS ARE WELCOME
No individual invitations will be mailed
Please call by Mar. Bth if you plan to attend.
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consumption or fluid sales unless
' priced more competitively.
The food scientist also noted
that - UHT milk has more, of a
cooked flavor but not as much as
evaporated milk. “Most con
sumers will accept the taste, “ he
commented.
Barnard also touched on price
supports, recommending that the
dairymen get better before bigger.
He also commented that .the
dairy industry is doing an excellent
job of keeping their product an
tibiotic free. “Consumers seldom
get milk containing antibiotics,
"he said. However the specialist
warned the dairymen to screen
their milk it antibiotics are
suspected and to be very careful to
avoid contamination.
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