E34—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, January 9,1982
Volunteer corn
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Heavy
populations of volunteer corn
reduced soybean yields by as much
as 83 percent, but were controlled
by herbicides in tests reported by
Robert N. Andersen, Agricultural
Research Service weed scientist
Andersen, Working with
University of Minnesota resear
chers J. Harlan Ford and William
E. Lueschen, planted corn in
clumps of 10 kernels each at three
spacing rates: 2,4, and 8 feet
apart in Hodgson soybeans planted
in 30- or 40-inch rows.
“We used clumps because they
are more typical' of naturally
occurring volunteer corn
populations. Our infestation levels
were high, but such levels can
occur m patches in farm fields,”
Andersen says.
The 2-foot com spacings cut
yields 83 pei'cent; the 4-foot
spacings, 58 percent; and the 8-foot
spacings, 31 percent. These are
averages of 2-year tests at
University of Minnesota ex
perimental plots at Rosemont,
Waseca, and Lamberton. The
average loss of soybeans per
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yield by 83
clump of volunteer corn on the
plots with the lightest rate, 1 clump
per 8 feet, with 0.32 pound.
"In other words, every 180
clumps of volunteer corn per acre
will reduce the yield about 1
bushel”, Andersen says.
This estimate would include only
the direct reduction in seed
production, he adds. There would
be additional losses due to har
vesting problems caused by the
com.
The researchers were also
comparing the two herbicides
currently available for volunteer
corn control; diclofop (Hoelon) for
earfy postemergence spray ap
plication, and glyphosate
(Roundup) applied with selective
applicators such as ropewick
system, which permits herbicide
contact only with com that is taller
than the soybeans.
Two applications of glyphosate
were made in all but one test, and
the plots were cultivated and hand
weeded to remove' all weeds other
than com.
Andersen found that diclofop
was more effective in increasing
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percent
soybean yields than giyphosate at
the higher corn densities. This was
probably because the diclofop
spray application could be made
an average of 19 days ealier than
the rope-wick applied giyphosate,
allowing the corn less time to
compete with the beans, Andersen
says. Rope-wick applications had
to wait for the com to grow above
the soybeans.
Andersen suggests early overtop
application of diclofop for heavy
infestations, it may be cheaper to
use giyphosate applied when a
selective applicator such as arope
wick unit.
o
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opi ;ing through a soybean canopy, “volunteer corn”—a
common problem in corn-soybean rotations—stunts
soybeans’ growth and hinders harvest.
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