026—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, December 19,1981
So. Central Pork Producers hear feed economics advice
GETTYSBURG - A meeting of
the South Central Pork Producers
Association was held last Wed
nesday evening here at the Adams
County Extension Office. Featured
speaker was Matt Parsons, Penn
State Extension swine specialist,
who spoke on formulating rations
and the economics of feeding
alternative feeds.
Parsons advised the group to
change their feed rations when it
necessary and economically
sound. He has determined that 62.4
percent of the cost of finishing a
farrow can be attributed to feed
costs.
“Use of alternative feedstuff in
swine diets has the greatest
potential to alter profitability if
incorporated into the finishers’
diet... The next largest con
sumption of feed occurs in the
grower phase followed by
gestation and lactation,” he stated.
When considering altering
feedstiiffs, it is important to
consider what feed handling
method you are utilizing, noted
Parsons. "Buying a complete feed
or mixing grain and supplement
pretty much locks the producer
into a feeding program. Mixing
grain, soybean meal, and a base
mix or the necessary mineral
blend allows for more alternatives
m the feeding program, but is also
a more complexed approach.”
Parsons stated that to determine
the replacement value of a feed
Apply ‘N’ during growing
season for maximum potatoes
ATLANTA, Ga. Applying
nitrogen fertilizer to potatoes
during the growing season
maximizes production and quality
while reducing energy
requirements, said a U.S.
Department of Agriculture soil
scientist.
Dale T. Westermann, of USDA’s
Agricultural Research Service,
Kimberly Idaho, said that ap
plication during, rather than prior,
to the growing season of Russet
Burbank potatoes is the most ef
ficient way to use costly nitrogen
fertilizers.
Speaking in Atlanta before the
73rd Annual Meeting of the
American Society of Agronomy,
Westermann discussed'a study to
determine how potato plant growth
is affected by different nitrogen
ingredient, first balance a diet with
the ingredient in question such as
wheat, oats, barley, etc., and then
compare it to a corn-soybean meat
diet. It is important to balance the
diets so that the energy and lysine
values are equal. With given dollar
per hundred weight for the
feedstuff factored in
against the amount of replacement
ingredient required compared to
the cost of a nutritiously equal
corn-soybean meal ration, the
economic feasibility of changing to
that alternative feedstuff is
revealed.
When questioned on the ad
vantages of adding fat to the diet,
Parsons said that researchers
have found that when fat intake
reaches more than 8 percent of the
diet, weight gains go down and
intake decreases.
However, he does recommend
feeding fat to sows prior to
farrowing if herd survival rates
are below 80 percent. He has found
that feeding 2.2 pounds of fat the
last 3 to 5 days of gestation may
increase survival by 5 percent
units.
Also feeding fat during lactation
is recommended when en
vironmental temperatures are
high or for heavy milking sows, in
these cases, sow weight loss may
be decreased and weaning to
rebreeding interval may be
reduced, he noted. As to the result
concentrations and how to monitor
the crop’s nitrogen status at dif
ferent stages of growth. ,
“Our tests indicated that 60 to 80
percent of the nitrogen fertilizer
should be applied during tuber
growth for maximum fertilizer-use
efficiency. The rates of fer
tilization during this growth stage
depend upon tuber growth rate,”
said Westermann. Plants that need
more nitrogen receive it.
To successfully fertilize during
the growing season, Westermann
said, "A growei 1 should know and
coordinate the amount of residual
soil nitrogen, the rate and amount
of nitrogen mineralized from soil
orgamc sources and the nitrogen
use efficiencies with the nitrogen
requirements at different crop
growth stages.”
of heavier pigs at weaning, that is
still questionable, he said.
Some other areas to balance in
sow feeding programs include
adequate energy and protein
levels, a calcium phosphorus ratio
of 1:1 -1:5 ; 1, and her Vitamin E
and selenium'needs. The greatest
problem in lactating sows is
meeting their energy needs and
this must have primary con
sideration in any alternative
feedstuff, said Parsons. Protein
requirements also are high but this
depends on the sow’s stage ot
lactation.
Speaking briefly on the topic of
antibiotic feeding. Parsons
presented figures for percentage of
improvement for average daily
gam and feed over grain for the
starter, grower, and finisher, with
the greatest results being in the
starters. He pointed out there have
been better results with antibiotic
feeding in the field trials than in
experimental station trials.
Besides adjusting feed rations to
lower production costs, Parsons
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outlined the effects of
management on those feed costs.
“Adjust your feeders. By being
only 3 percent off a feeder can
waste up to a ton of feed per feeder
per year,” he admonished.
“Consider the weight at which you
market your hogs. Heavier hogs
are often less efficient
“Keep a constant control of the
environmental temperature of
your buildings'. A hog will expend
energy to keep its body tem
perature constant. And finally,
consider your genetic base. Look
for feed efficient boars and gilts,
those who gam rapidly yet remain
lean.”
Association President Robert
Hays conducted the business
meeting which included a
discussion of the Association’s
Spring Feeder Pig Sale and an
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announcement that their annual
spring banquet would be held in
Cumberland County this year.
Of primary importance was the
call for an Increase in the
Association’s membership. The
State Association is offering a
1100.00 cash incentive to any local
chapter that can 'double its
membership before Keystone Pork
Congress which is to be held
February 18, 1982 at the Penn
Harris Motor Inn, Harrisburg.
The Sputh Central Pork
Producers annual dues are $5.
Further information concerning
membership may be obtained
from Harry Hilbert, K 2, Box 488,
Littlestown, Pa., 17340. Any pork
producer or interested persons in
the Adams, Franklin, or Cum
berland County areas are welcome
to join.
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