Foot
Washington, d.c. - me
development ot the new vaccine
tor tuot-and-mouth disease, an
nounced recently by the U.S.
Department ot Agriculture,
doesn't mean much to livestock
producers m this country in the
short-run.
But, it otteis tremendous
benetits over the long-range, if it
lives up to its potential,'' sdid John
K. Atwell, deputy administrator ot
USDA's Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service.
The new vaccuie, created by
genetic engineering trom one ot
the major proteins in the coat ot
the tool-aiul-mouth virus, was
developed under a cooperative
agreement between USDA's
Agricultural Kesearch Service and
Genetech, luc., a San Pransisco
based research tirm Because the
new, experunental vaccine is nut
made horn the whole virus, it may
otter sate, ettective and inex
pensive protection trom one ot the
must serious animal diseases.
"Foot-and-mouth disease exists
thioughuut most ot the rest ot the
world," Atwell said 'Fortunately,
the United Stales is tree ot this
debihiatuig disease has been
since
Where it it> endemic occurb
frequently toot-and-mouth
dibeabe causeb heavy lobbeb ui
cattle, bheep, goat ami bwme
pioduction. Continuoub vac
ciiiatiuM ib necebbary to enable
livebtock piuducerb in infected
countneb to cope with the dibease
I'he bieakihrough in the new
vaccine wab in the application of
lecombinani DMA technology,"' a
foini of genetic engineering
wheieby a bingle gene 01 bmali
beiieb of geneb fioni one oiganibin
aie uibeiled into'the UNA of
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and-mouth vaccine
anothei organism Because only a
segment ot the vuus is used, the
vaccine cannot piuduce the
disease in a vaccinated annual.
Because ot the DNA technology,
gi eater quantities can be pioduced
ovei a shorter pei lod ot tune than
was possible with ptevious
methods ot production, and the
vaccine can be stuied toi lung
periods ot time without
letugeratiun. The new vaccine,
which is expected to be more
ecunonuccJ to produce, is ettective
against only one ot the seven major
types and ovei Ml sub-types ot
virus. When similar vaccmes aie
developed to cover these other
types, there could be a com
bination into one application.
' USDA ib committed to
eradicating toot-aad-moutti it the
dibease bhouid enlei Hub country,”
Atwell said. We d use the stan
dard techniques ot quarantine
along with slaughtei ot infected
and exposed animals.
’ We recognize, however, that
agi .culture and society have
changed diastically since 192»
when we last wiped out an out
bieaK ot this disease. Today,
economic, envii onmentai and
political tactors dictate a more
flexible appi cacti to ei adication.
"For example, we now have
many large teedlots and dairy
opeiations—each containing
thousands ot annuals—that might
make a slaughtei-only policy
difficult and extieraely expensive
Thus, in the tace ot a rapidly
spreading outbieak, we would
consider using vaccine to help slow
the disease until more con
ventional ei adication tools could
be applied. To that end, toi the past
two yeais, USDA has been
establishing a foot-and-mouth
fawning
COUNTY
disease vaccine bank' by buying
antigen trom Bayer Laboi atones
in West Germany. Antigen toi this
'bank' is also being produced at
USDA's high secuuty facility at
the Plum Island Animal Disease
Centei ott the cost ot Long Island,
N \ '
The antigen the basic element
in the pi uducliun ut vaccine, which
can be stoied much lunget than the
vaccuie itselt—is being stored in
West Germany and at Plum
island.
it the new vaccine piuves to be
as good as it looks, this might cut
our costs ot an FMD ’vaccine bank'
considerably,” Atwell said.
But Atwell, says he believes the
new vaccine's greatest potential
lies in itslung-iange benetits.
Agam, it it proves as good as it
looks, this would be a tremendous
help to other nations throughout
the world to reduce—and possibly
even eliminate—this cosily
disease," he said ' And, ot course,
the less disease that exists
throughout the wuild, the less
chance tor it to invade this coun
try.”
(Jut really, tood-and-mouth
disease is consideied to exist in all
countries ot the world except tor
North and Cential America and
Manama, Austialia and New
Zealand, Japan, the Scandinavian
countries, Ireland and Noithern
li eland in Europe
Foot-and-mouth is a vnus
disease that atlects all cloven
houted annuals, including cattle,
swine, sheep, goats and deei. it
produces blisteis on the teet,
mouth and teals ot attected
annuals. While lately tatai, the
disease diaslically reduces meat
and milk production
It there weie a disease
.STATE.
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, November 21,1981—D25
offers benefits
bieak ot tool-and-mouth m Uie
Uniled States, it could cost as
much ai> fid billion in direct and
indirect costs the tu styeat alone, ’
Atwell bald. ' Meat and milk
pi eduction could be reduced by as
mucn ab ao pu cent
"We take great pains to keep the
dibeabe out by restricting the
unport ot livebtock, meat and meat
pioductb trom mtected countries,'’
Atwell bald "Similarly, USD A
would not liceiibe production ot
conventional whole virus vaccine
•■m-t loot-and mouth dise_i. ’m
With firewood come pests
LANCASTER As the cool
temperatures ot winter approach,
many homeowners will be firing up
their fireplaces and wood burning
stoves. However, along with the
comtort and warmth the fire
brings to the home on a cold night,
certain uninvited insect guests
may intrude
Firewood stacked in the home
ready for use harbors many
species of insects. Several dif
ferent types of beetles, carpenter
ants, wasp parasites of insects,
horntails, earwigs, and spiders will
often overwinter in logs. Firewood
brought indoors and stored for
several weeks becomes warm.
Insect hie within is awakened from
its winter hibernation by the warm
temperatures and, thinking it’s
spring, leave the logs and wander
aimlessly about the house. They’re
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the United States—tor tear the
virus might escape trom the
pi eduction facility. For that
reason, all ot the woiK with the
toot-and-mouth disease virus is
contmed to biocontainment
tacilities at the Fluni Island
Animal Disease Uentei.
’We would help mtected
countries produce and test the
vaccine to help reduce the
possibility ot toot-and-mouth
disease invading our livestock and
wildlite populations,” Atwell said
often found migrating to sunlit
windows.
To keep this pest problem to a
minimum, stack firewood out-of
doors until just before using. The
cold temperatures will keep the
insect life dormant. Always stack
wood at least 2’ away from a
building (15-20’ is recommended)
and at least 9” above ground. This
allows for aeration of the wood and
visual inspection and maintenance
of the building behind the pile.
According to James J.
McKeehen, Delaware County
Extension agricultural agent,
never use chemical pesticides on
firewood. The insects in the wood
can be kept in check by proper
storage out-of-doors, therefore
making the use of chemicals un
necessary. Once in the home, these
’•guests" are considered nuisance
pests