USDA invention eases the making of plywood
MADISON, Wis. - Listen to the
makers of plywood talk about their
headaches and you might get the
idea they drive racing cars, raise
apples or manufacture candy for a
living.
Words like “spinout,” “large
core” and “soft center” figure big
in their vocabulary. The reason,
says a researcher with the U.S
Department of Agriculture, is thal
these terms describe three
problems that cost this country’s
wood products industry millions of
dollars each year.
Now, says a USDA Forest
Service scientist, the shop talk
should turn more upbeat.
John Youngquist, a research
project leader at USDA’s Forest
Products Laboratory here, says he
and his.so-workers have solved all
three problems with one invention.
The result, he estimates, can be a
savings of $75 million a year to the
wood products industry.
Since tbe invention can
favorably influence plywood
production costs as well as sup
plies of wood productsT, he said, the
prices you pay at the lumber yard
may be affected in the long run as
commercial producers adopt the
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technology,
’'“Veneers used in plywood and
furniture are made by peeling
sheets of wood from high quality
logs,” said Youngquist. “Veneers
are valuable, so we need to get the
most from every log.”
Youngquist Said the‘—Forest
Service’s solution to spinout, large
cores and soft centers is called the
“powered backup roll.” Its in
ventors "are research engineers
Frank Fronczak and John Hunt of
USDA’s Forest Products
Laboratory here.
“Basically, the device is two
hydraulically-powered rollers
which provide supplementary
torque the force needed to turn
the log to the outside of logs
being peeled for veneer,”
Youngquist said.
‘‘Conventional lathes used for
peeling logs to produce veneer
apply torque directly to the center
of the log through tbe use of
pronged shafts damped to each
end,” he said. “Unf trtunately,
about 20 to 35 percent of all logs
cannot be peeled because, their
centers are too soft to take the
pressures produced by lathes.
“The powered backup roll
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eliminates this problem in most
cases by reducing the torque on the
center of the log and transferring it
to the log’s sturdier outside sur
face.”
Youngqirist said spinout occurs
when the force needed to turn the
log in the lathe is greater than the
force used to grip the ends of the
log. When this happens, the wood
breaks, the clamplike devices used
for gripping the log spin free, and
the log becomes useless for
veneer. Five to eight percent of the
logs selected for veneer production
are damaged in this way.
Powered backup roll turns the
log from its outside surface to
greatly reduce the chances of
spinout.
“Another problem is that a large
core of the log often is left on the
lathe because the chunks-(prongs)
used to grip and turn the log are so
big they prevent the log from being
peeled near the core,” Youngquist
said.
“By applying torque to the
outside, the device allows smaller
' chunks to be used, thus permitting
more veneer to be peeled from
each log.”
Studies show that the powered
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backup roll’s potential for
reducing the diameter of unused
log cores from AVz inches to
inches could save the American
wood products industry $4O million
each year. Eliminating spinout
could save another $35 million
annually, the researcher said.
“One of the best things about this
device is that its use has no effect
on the quality or thickness of the
veneer that is produced,”
Youngquist said. “Using Douglas
fir logs, we have produced veneers
ranging from one-tenth to one
thirty-second of an inch thick
without any problems. The process
also is compatible with most
conventional lathes.”
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plywood plant in Yakima, Wash.,
is giving the powered backup roll a
try, Youngquist said. Steve
Loehnertz of the Forest Products
Laboratory is providing technical
assistance in monitoring the ef
fectiveness of this first industrial
production prototype, which was
built by the Premier Gear and
Machine Works of Portland, Ore.
If the device proves to be as
useful as tests indicate, and the
originators believe it will, the
powered backup roll may become
a standard feature of plywood
plants in the near future.
“We've applied for a patent in
the public’s name,” he said. “This
would make the device available to
everyone.”
the active age groups, especially
children. These deaths, by drown
ing, are due to swimming ac
cidents, falls into the water while
working or playing on or near
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