Dairy conference
✓ldentify all treated cows and
indicate the proper time when the
milk can be added in the bulk tank.
✓Milk treated cowslast. Milking
equipment must be thoroughly
washed and sanitized after milking
a treated cow.
✓Discard all milk from a
treated cow even though only one
quarter was infused. Also, discard
all milk following intavenous and
mtra-muscular shots. Assume that
a purchased animal was treated
and test her milk before putting
her milk into the tank.
✓Do not save milk from a cow
which was dry treated for 30 days,
even if she freshens early. Follow
ing the normal 60 day dry period,
withhold all milk for four days
after freshening.
✓Whenever in doubt, have a cow
or bulk tank sample tested, using a
field kit or> official tests. Do not
take a chance, as you will probably
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(Continued from Page A2O)
get caught. The penalty is dumping
milk from your entire herd for two
days. Purchase and use your own
field kit.
Extension nutritionist Richard
Adams outlined a feeding program
for dairy heifers.
He cited a recent southwestern
Pennsylvania study on 2,400
heifers in 212 herds across 11
counties. Adams found that 40
percent of the animals rated poor
in growth or substantially below
breed average. Earlier DHIA
studies of state animals showed
that females that freshened at
breed averages for growth may
produce 17 percent more milk
during their first lacation.
“You would think that down here
in this milk market that has a base
surplus marketing plan that it
would pay to hold some of these
heifers over longer, in order to
have them freshen during the base-
3iq Putdiman
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making period,” he said.
“The best plan is to get the
heifers into production at 22 to 26
months of age, irrespective of the
milk market.” '
“Every bit of the time they are
not producing is overhead costs,”
Adams reported.
Adams called for adequate size
without fattening.
“Obesity will usually increase
the heifer’s mamtamence
requirements for the rest of her
days,” Adams explained.
The obese heifer may be harder
to settle and can experience
calving problems due to a fatty
reproductive tract.
Another problem, Adams notes,
is decreased milk supply. Fat cells
will replace the vital milk
secretory cells in the mammary
gland, reducing the potential to
milk Overconditonmg will not only
effect the first lactation but
lifetime production as well.
“Longevity is lower in these
overconditioned animals.”
Sexual maturity in heifers is
indicative of size. Adams guide for
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DISTRIBUTOR
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, November 14,1981—A21
breeding size follows
Holstein and Brown Swiss 750-
800 pounds or 54-66 inches of heart
girth; Ayrshire and Guernseys 650-
700 pounds or 61-63 inches of heart
girth; Jersey 500-600 or 58-60
inches of heart girth. Heifers
should gam about 1.5 pounds per
head daily from birth to breeding.
At six months of age, heifers
should be on a 2 0 to 2.2 percent of
body weight hay equivalent daily
forage intake
Adams recommended all types
of forages including pasture for
calves over 6-months-old Average
quality forage often is adequate if
sufficient amounts are fed and the
ration is balanced properly High
protein forage is not essential
Good pasture in ample supply
plus free-choice minerals often will
provide good growth Adams
suggested a trace mineral salt and
a recommended calcium
phosphorus supplement
Split heifer groups by size, when
necessary to enable adequate
forage and feed intake by smaller
animals
Concentrate amounts, said
Adams, depends upon the forage
quality. Forage testing better than
60 percent total digestible
nutrients, may only require two to
four pounds per head per day of
concentrate. Less than 60 percent
TDN may warrant four to six
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pounds of concentrate per head
daily.
The water supply should be
present in ample amounts Fecal
cohform counts should not exceed
10 per 100 mihliters.
Undersized herd replacement
can result from a variety of factors
and Adam’s factors are as follows •
.'Considerably underfeeding
forage
of ration balance
especially protein and minerals
.'Lack of suitable facilities to
enable frequent observation as
wells- as ease of feeding and
management
Poor pasture management and
lack of supplementary feed on
inadequate pasture
.'Lack of water or poor quality
water
Additional information on
feeding dairy heifers for proper
breeding size is available at local
Extension offices
•EM
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