DlP—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, October 24,1981
NWF study finds Pa. ‘extremely
WASHINGTON, D.C. - A study
by the National Wildlife
Federation has determined that 15
of the 26 states east of the
Mississippi River are “extremely
vulnerable” to the harmful effects
of acid rain. Another ten states are
“moderately vulnerable,” ac
cording to the conservation group,
and one Florida is only
“slightly vulnerable.”
The ratings are contained in a
report by NWF researchers who
studied each state’s rainfall
acidity, geology, soils, and water
chemistry to estimate the potential
for acid rain damange to fisheries,
soils, crop foliage, and marble and
limestone structures within the
states.
Acid rain forms when sulfur and
nitrogen oxide emissions, mainly
generated by coal-burning power
plants, combine with rain or snow.
The acid is often blown hundreds of
miles from its actual source before
it falls to earth. More than 90 lakes
in the Adirondack Mountains are
now fishless because acidic con
ditions have inhibited reproduc
tion.
The NWF study listed Con
necticut, Kentucky, Maine,
Massachusetts, Michigan, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Penn
sylvania, Rhode Island, South
Carolina, Vermont, West Virginia,
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3816 E. Newport Road
Gordonville, PA 17529
I Mile East of Intercourse on Rt. 77;
Write or Call; 717-768 8569
If no answer call; 717-766-3568
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CHESTER B. HOLT
30 S. Hershey Ave. (Bareville) Leola, Pa. 17540
PHONE (717) 656-6898
Hours; Mon. &Tues. By Appointment
Wed., Thurs., Fri. lOto 8; Sat. 10 to 4
and Wisconsin as the states that
are extremely vulnerable to
damage from acid precipitation.
Those states "found to be
moderately vulnerable are
Alabama, Delaware, Georgia,
Illinois, Indiana, Maryland,
Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, and
Virginia. Louisiana could not.be
fully evaluated due to a lack of
data.
Massachusetts had the strongest
acid rain and Florida the least acid
of the 26 states studied.
In addition to analyzing
vulnerability, the study evaluated
each state’s visibility impairment
as indicated by sulfate and
nitrogen oxide concentrations
found in the air.
Twenty states -were found to
have a high degree of visibility
impairment, while five Florida,
Georgia, North Carolina,- South
Carolina, and Vermont had a
moderate degree of impairment.
Only Maine and New Hampshire
got low visibility impairment
evaluations.
Both the fisheries resources dnd
soil of eleven states Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan,
New Hampshire, New York, North
Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin
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vulnerable 9 to acid
were found, to be extremely
vulnerable to acid rain’s effects.
Foliage of such crops as alfalfa,
tobacco, lettuce, potatoes, and
soybeans wa?evaluated as being
either vulnerable or non
vulnerable.
NWF researchers also compiled
data on reports of auto paint
damange due to acid rain in each
of the states, v The found that
Florida, New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania had the highest
incidents of reported damage by
acid rain corrosion last year.
“Our study should lay to rest
once and for all the claim that acid
rain damage is confined to a few
hundred lakes in upstate New
York,” said NWF executive vice
president Jay D. Hair.
Hair noted that the NWF study
confirms the conclusions of a
recently released National
Academy of Sciences report. The
NAS found evidence of acid rain’s
“serious hazard to human health
and the biosphere” to be so
“clear” as to make continued
emmissions of sulfur and nitrogen
oxides at present levels “ex
tremely risky from a long-term
economic standpoint as well as
from the standpoint of bioshpere
protection.”
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iSH SPEED DRYING
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iGH GRAIN QUALITY
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BOTTOM LINE:
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Grain (alls
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“When Congress considers
reauthorization of the Clean Air
Act,” Hair emphasized, “It is vital
that our legislators take action to
curb the causes of acid rain, with
strict controls on sulfur dioxide
EVALUATION OF EASTERN STATES’ VULNERABILITY TO EFFECTS
OF ACID RAIN /
AVERAGE pH
OF RAINFALL
STATE (see keliy)
Delaware 4.4
Maryland 4.3
New Jersey 4.3
New York 4.2
Ohio 4.2
Pennsylvania 4.2
Virginia 4.4
West Virginia 4.3
E-Extremely vulnerable to acid
rain effects
M—Moderately vulnerable to acid
rain effects
S—Slightly vulnerable to acid rain
effects
The pH is a numerical value used to describe the strength of an acid. On
the pH scale, which ranges from a numerical value of 0 to 14, the lower
the pH number the greater the acidity. A value of pH 1 is very' acid
(battery acid), 2.0 is equal to lemon juice, and 3.0 to vinegar. “Pure” rain
has a pH of 5.6, pH 7 is neutral (distilled water) and pH 13 is very alkaline
'(lye). Most fish species die in water with a pH of 4.5 to 5.0.
EZEE-DRY
LOUCKS GRAIN
EQUIP. INC.
RD #l2, York, PA
717-755-2868
ram
emissions from coal-burning
power plants in the eastern U.S.
With states as far south as Florida
showing signs of vulnerability to
acid rain, it can’t be long before
every state in the Union is af
fected.”
CMP (KUIIE. OVERALL
SOIL FOLMSE LIMESTONE) UMM£
M V M M
M V M M
M V M E
E V M E
M V M M
E V M E
MV' M M
E V M E
V—Vulnerable to acid rain effects
NV— Not vulnerable to acid rain
FISHERIES
effects
XX—lnsufficient data
/ain is dried in overhead
trying floor through
rin grain column.
eat from cooling grain
re-cycled to assist
drying; using all
'ailable heat.
Batch
System
17M54
twite.
22,7801 b.
wsmnr
ContnoßS
Flow System
4KIOOO
tails.
law
22,780 ha.