Al6—Lancaster Farming, Saturday , August 1,1981
HARRISBURG Drought, like
beauty, is in the eye of the
beholder. To the weather watcher,
spring rains signaled an end to the
drought.
To the farmer, whose indicator is
the amount of moisture in the soil,
the wet topsoil stimulated crop
growth and in his eyes, wiped out
the drought.
But to the water supplier and the
hydrologist, the drought is not
over, and that means it really isn’t
over for any of us.
State drought response officials
were concerned that the spring
rains would provide only tem
porary relief. And that’s exactly
what happened, according to John
McSparran, director of the Penn
sylvania Department of En
vironmental Resources’ Bureau of
Resources Programming. Mc-
Sparran said two indicators
drought watchers observe -
streamflows and groundwater
levels - now show the drought is
continuing and could be worse this
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Drought, water deficit not over yet
year than last.
McSparran said, “The problem
is that we began this summer with
a rainfall deficit. Scattered
summer showers usually do not
contribute to making up that
deficit.”
McSparran explained stream
flows in both the Susquehanna and
Delaware River Basins have
dropped since the end of June.
Streamflows can be used as an
overall indicator of water supply
levels because in Pennsylvania,
in the summer,
streams are fed by springs and
seepage from groundwater
reserves. Groundwater levels,
according to McSparran, never
recovered from last year’s
drought, and now cannot feed the
normal amount of water into
surface streams.
He said although much of the
state experienced normal or above
normal rainfall for several months
this spring, the precipitation did
not make up for the deficit ac-
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cumulated last year. While not
downgrading the gains from the
rainfall this spring, McSparran
says that full recovery did not
occur.
February’s heavy rainfall ran
off the land, melting snow and
temporarily increasing stream
flows, but could not seep into the
deeply frozen ground.
March normally is the time when
the spring thaw and rains and
melting snow create excellent
conditions for renewing ground
water levels. However, this year
March was a dry month.
April usually is the best month
for recharging the groundwater
This year, however, small, scat
tered rainfalls, while improving
soil moisture conditions, did little
to recharge the groundwater
tables.
May and June were wet months
hut hot weather had begun, and
most of the rainfall evaporated or
was used by plants.
“Whether or not the ram that
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falls is stored depends on timing,”
McSparran explained. “If we had
had our heavy rainfalls in March
or April, instead of February, June
and July, we would have ex
perienced much greater recovery
from the drought.”
What all this means is that this
spring Pennsylvania had little
actual recovery from the drought,
although the rainfall did keep it at
arms length. Reserviors are being
drawn down because summer is a
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peak water-use time, and the soil
moisture content is decreasing,
slowing the growth rate of crops
and turning grass brown.
These factors make water
conservation important at this
time. McSparran advises public
water suppliers and industrial
water users to start monitoring
their water uses carefully, because
the need to stretch remaining
supplies could be greater now than
last year at this time.
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