Consider wheat, barley
NEWARK, Del. - Swine
producers have several feed op
tions now that new crop wheat and
barley are available. Either one of
these small grams can be sub
stituted for corn.
Putting together some of these
cheaper energy sources can
present problems, though, says
University of Delaware extension
livestock specialist Richard
Fowler. Rations must be flexible to
allow substitutions when prices
favor using another gram.
“Price isn't the only factor to
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consider when making a sub
stitution,” says Fowler. “A
palatable and economical energy
source can be supplemented to
correct nutrient deficiencies. But
even when properly supplemented,
it must be acceptable to the pig or
poor performance will cancel out
its lower cost.”
Nutritionally, barley is about 85
percent as valuable as corn in
swine rations. Barley contains
about 7.5 percent fiber, com has 2.5
percent. Its fiber content reduces
barley’s value compared to corn.
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Low test weights can turther
decrease its value. A bushel of
barley should weigh 48 pounds.
Lower weights indicate higher
fiber density and lower feed value
for the pig.
Feed composition tables
describe barley as having 11.7
percent crude protein. Most barley
is lower than that, ranging bet
ween 9 and 10 percent protein,
Fowler reports.
"Don’t use all barley in starter
diets,” recommends Fowler.
“Limit its use to 25 percent of the
complete ration for pigs up to 50
pounds. Levels can go to 80 percent
of the total ration for all other
classes of pigs.
“Barley meal rations result in
lower intake—-especially for
lactatmg sows during hot weather.
A GREAT IMPROVEMENT ON EFFICIENCY
Consider using 40' percent barley
and 60 percent com during such
times.
“Barley should be ground
through a 3/16 inch screen to
reduce separation of hulls from
meal. If com and barley are fed
together, grind the com through a
3/8 inch screen. Then the pigs can’t
separate the grams.
“One of the most effective ways
to feed barley is m a pelleted form.
Pelleting improves fiber
digestibility and eliminates the
possibility of pigs sorting out
hulls.”
Recent University of Georgia
research compared the per
formance of pigs from 47 pounds to
220 pounds on three rations—
ground corn, one-half ground com
and one-half ground barley, and
ground barley. All diets were equal
in protein.
Average daily gam was 1.94,
1.96, and 1.78 pounds, respectively.
Feed gam ratio was 3.05, 3.22, and
3.59 pounds, respectively. Thus,
pigs fed the diet in which barley
was the only gram source gamed
weight slower and required more
feed per unit of gam than did those
fed diets with all com or one-half
com and one-half barley as the
gram source.
Researchers concluded the 45
pound per bushel barley used m
this experiment was worth 85
percent of the value of a bushel of
com.
To fmd out whether it will pay to
substitute barley for corn m a hog
ration, calculate the price of a
pound of each gram. Do this by
dividing pounds per bushel into the
Md. Experiment Station
COLLEGE PARK, Md. -
Robert E. (Skip) Myers Jr., 30, has
joined the staff of the University of
Maryland Agricultural Ex
periment Station as science writer.
In this position, Myers will work
with university scientists, faculty
and staff to develop and write
material about MAES’s ongoing
agricultural research programs.
In addition, he will be responsible
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-DISTRIBUTOR- PAUL HORNING
R.D. 1, Stevens, PA 17578 215-267-7208
pnce of a bushel of each. (Figure
48 pounds per bushel of barley, 56
pounds for the com.) Divide the
cost of a pound of barley 4>y .85 to
determine its value relative to a
pound of com.)
“The point to remember is that
barley is often priced com
petitively with com and when
mixed with com m a 1:1 ratio gives
performance almost equivalent to
an all com diet,” says the
specialist.
Wheat is another energy source
to consider, he suggests. It equals
or exceeds the energy value of
com. At wheat harvest time, least
cost swine diets will often include
this gram.
Research from the Georgia
Coastal Plain Experiment Station
provides some ideas on preparing
wheat for swine. Four different
diets were offered in a cafeteria*
style arrangement. The diets
consisted of: crushed wheat which
had been run through a roller mill
and coarsely crushed; ground
wheat; equal parts ground wheat
and ground corn; and ground com.
The ground grams were passed
through a 3/8 inch screen on a
hammernull.
Pigs consumed three tunes more
of the crushed wheat diet than any
of the Growth trials
comparing the four diets showed
average daily gams of 1.80, 1.75,
1.78, and 1.79 pounds, respectively.
Feed grain ratios were 2.94, 3.20,
3,25, and 3.19 pounds, respectively.
Wheat is equal to corn as an
energy source for swine. But take
care not to grind it too fine,”
Fowler notes.
for writing MAES’s annual report.
Myers, a native of Hagerstown,
Md., and a graduate of the
University’s College of Journalism
(8.5., 1976), is a former newspaper
reporter, the former manager of
corporate communications for a
major California airline, and a
freelance writer.
He is married and lives in An
napolis.
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