Cow’s milk protein
surfaces
PHILADELPHIA Research
currently underway on a protein
found in cow’s milk and human
body fluids may lead to better
understanding of how animals and
humans fight disease. The protein,
beta 2 - microglobulin, may also
have potential as a marker for
early detection of certain diseases.
Knowledge obtained in the beta 2
- microglobulin studies will be
return on an investment in basic
research that began 18 years ago
with a study of the fundamental
properties and components of
milk.
In 1963, M.L. Groves, a Science
and Education Administration
dairy scientist, and his colleagues
here at the Eastern Regional
Research Center, discovered a
new protein in cow’s milk. Named
lactollin, meaning a proteinaceous
substance derived from milk, it
was isolated in a very pure form,
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as disease
crystallized, and characterized in
terms of composition.
Although samples were made
available to scientists who wished
to conduct experiments with this
new protein, no new information
concerning lactollin, it turned out,
would be forthcoming for many
years.
“A discovery has been made, but
its relevance had not yet been
realized or appreciated,” says
Groves.
Then in 1968, two scientists from
the Institute of Medical Chemistry
in Sweden discovered beta -
microglobulin in the urine of
cadmium-poisoned people. This
protein received a great deal of
attention from medical research
scientists because of its
relationship to proteins involved in
the body’s defense against disease.
Studies on microglobulin
isolated .from several mammalian
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After reading those reports,
Groves realized that in com
position, beta - microglobulin
resembled the protein lactollin,
which he had discovered 13 years
earlier/
Further research in
collaboration with Rae Greenberg,
dairy scientist at the ERRC Food
Science Laboratory, established
that lactollin was the bovine form
of beta - microglobulin. This
discovery has led to a readily
available supply of beta2*
microglobulin that can easily be
crystallized for further
examination. Bovine beta2*
microglobulin is the only type that
has been crystallized.
Researchers hope eventually to
learn how certain cell-surface
proteins recognize foreign sub
stances in the body, the first step in
a series of events leading to
destruction of the invaders.
Scientists do know that betaj
microglobulin is present in
elevated amounts in mammals
with certain diseases. For
example, in the urine of mammals
with kidney damage it is secreted
at levels 1,000 times normal. These
finding suggest that the protein
may have potential for early
detection of certain diseases.
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Biochemist M.L Groves isolates a disease-detecting
protein found in cow's milk and in body fluids through a
technique called column chromatography. Groves and
colleagues at the Eastern Regional Research Center in
Philadelphia discovered the protein in 1963.
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