A3B—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, May 23,1981
PENN STATE Contrary to
opinions of many fishermen,
brown trout get as much food
during midday as they do in the
evening. That’s one of the sur
prising findings reported from the
Cooperative Fisheries Research
Unit at The Pennsylvania State
University.
“The only basic difference in
feeding is that brown trout become
a bit more active as night ap
proaches and feed more readily on
different types of organisms,”
Proper weights and tires
maximize tractor efficiency
NEWARK, Dela. As spring
tillage operations progress, there
are some tremendous op
portunities to conserve fuel
through sound energy
management.
Since the tractor uses most of the
on-farm energy involved in crop
production, it’s especially im
portant to increase tractor ef
ficiency, says Delaware extension
energy program coordinator
Ronald C. Jester.
Energy efficiency is good
business, he says. Any time you
can accomplish more work with
less time and energy, you reap
higher profits.
With today’s diminishing fuel
supplies and escalating prices,
energy management will allow you
to get the most out of your tractor
Most of us think of tractor sizes
in terms of rated power take-off
horsepower. While most tractors
have been tested to determine
performance under standard
conditions, few people realize how
L
WE’RE 6ROWIHS BETTER
Bomberger’s Bologna
adopts state logo
LEBANON The Bomberger
Bologna Company, Rl, Lebanon,
has joined the Agriculture
Department’s “Pennsylvania
Agriculture We’re Growing
Better” logo campaign, according
to Carl Baum, president of the
company Bomberger’s is the
manufacturer of sweet Lebanon
and Lehigh bologna.
Baum said the company will
continue to process the same top
quality Pennsylvania products as
always, but will identify the
products with the logo on the
packaging.
The logo includes an outline of
the state with the letters PA inside.
The campaign is part of Governor
Dick Thornburgh’s economic
development initiative for the state
and is aimed at identifying Penn
sylvania food products, thereby
increasing sales.
Trout “surprises” found in stream studies
says Robert A Bachman, doctoral
candidate in ecology at Penn State.
“The increased evening feeding ts
especially noticeable if there is a
hatch of mayflies nearby,” he
adds.
Brown trout use a “sit and wait”
feeding strategy, Bachman
reported. The fish simply choose a
place to intercept food drifting by.
He said most of the feeding sites
are in rather shallow water, lack
overhead cover, and generally are
much power can be lost during
field operations.
For example, a 100 PTO hp
tractor delivers, after tran
smission losses, about 96 hor
sepower to the rear axle. Then, if
weighted correctly, it produces;
about 75 drawbar horsepower in
firm soil.
For sandy soils, this same
tractor would only produce 50
drawbar horsepower due to
greater tire slippage a
significant 50 percent below PTO
horsepower. With inadequate
weighting'on sandy soils, slippage
will be greater and consequently
the drawbar horsepower delivered
in the field will now be 40 percent
or less of rated PTO horsepower.
The obvious question is what
happened to the 60 percent hor
sepower that was lost?
The engine, no doubt, consumed
the energy to produce 100 hor
sepower and the transmission
applied it to the rear axle, but only
4045 percent of the original 100
horsepower was available. The
lIA ABMCUUUWE
State Agriculture Secretary
Penrose Hallowell said, “I am
extremely pleased to welcome the
Bomberger Bologna Company to
the logo campaign. Through the
efforts of our food companies, the
campaign will help increase sales,
stimulate economic growth, and
save energy and transportation
costs, which ultimately helps the
consumer get better prices.
“The Bomberger Bologna
Company has shown its pride in
Pennsylvania and should be
commended for its public spirit,”
Hallowell added. The company has
been in operation in South Lebanon
Township since 1921
He noted, “Food shoppers,
whether looking for fresh produce
or processed foods, should look for
the logo. With your help,. Penn
sylvania agriculture will continue
growing better.”
abaociciu.a .with a rock or similar
obstruction to water flow.
Bachman identified,
photographed, and kept records on
over 100 wild brown trout k from
April through November for three
seasons in camouflaged “trout
blinds” on Spruce Creek in Hun
tingdon County. His studies set
something of a world record in
observing a single group of wild
trout without handling or
marking the fish. The work is now
completed.
power was lost to slippage and
rolling assistance.
By matching weight and tire size
to the tractor’s power and
operating conditions, maximum
efficiency can be achieved.
Choosing the right amount of
weight is fundamental. Too little
weight allows excessive slippage
while too much weight increases
compaction and rolling resistance.
The primary factors that dictate
weight requirements are im
plement draft, type of implement
and soil conditions. Tractors
should be weighted to obtain a
wheel slippage between 10 and 15
percent. In this range, a tractor
can achieve true maximum
drawbar power and fuel economy
and also keep tire wear at ac
ceptable levels.
Tire size is another major factor
in determining tractor per
formance and ultimately energy
efficiency. First of all, the tire
must be able to carry the tractor’s
weight.
Tire inflation is a related con
sideration that affects tractive
performance. Higher inflation
allows more load, but tractive
performance. Higher inflation
allows more load, but tractive
performance will suffer.
Other considerations include
using dual tries and tire con
struction options.
For' information on checking
tractor wheel slip and weighting
your tractor, ask for fact sheet
“Tractor Weighting and Tire
Selection”, available from Uni
versity of Delaware Substation,
R. 2, Box 48, Georgetown, DE19947
EVENING AUCTION
Of 3.8 acre Berks Co. Farmette and 1.7
acre parcel with Mobile Home and Pond
situate in the Oley Valley.
ON TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 2,1381
Conveniently located 15 min. from
Reading, 15 min. from Pottstown, 7 min.
from Boyertown, 40 min. from Allentown.
Located along Manatawney Rd., off
Covered Bridge Rd. via Fisher Mill Rd;
from Pieasantville (Rt. 73) turn south
onto Covered Bridge Rd. or from Yellow
House (Rts. 562 & 562), travel north to
Covered Bridge Rd. Earl Twp., Berks Co.
Parcel #1: Stylish split level bnck and
aluminum home w/4 bdrms., modem kitchen,
formal dining area overlooking recreation
rm/fireplace, bath & attached 2 car garage.
Oil fired hot water heat, drilled well. Home sets
350’ off road w/mountain behind it, a beautiful •
setting on approx. 3.8 acres.
Parcel #2- 1.7 acfes with skirted furnished
12x70 Burlington mobile home, pond and old log
house. Small bam, fenced area including 1%
acres of woodland, garden area and other out
bldgs.
For more details & brochure call Frey
Auctioneers - 215-689-5269. For appointment
call 215-689-5778.
Sale at 7:00 P.M
Sold for
THOMAS i ELIZABETH McCAMN
m AUCTIONEERS
JOHN D & GEORGE D
Yellow House
He recorded feeding peaks of 200
to 300 times per hour frequently
between noon and 2 p.m. in bright
sunlight during July and August.
That’s the tune, he noted, when
textbook brown trout are supposed
to be snoozing under a stream
bank.
Equally surprising, he found that
over 95 percent of the brown trout
in Spruce Creek forage for feed in
sites without cover during 92
percent of the daytime. People
generally believe that trout feed
only where there is plenty of cover.
Location and composition of the
Spruce Greek trout population.has
been surprisingly stable. The fish
migrate or move very little. In
dividual trout return to the exact
same sites month after month,
year after year. Significant
migration occurs only during the
fall spawning season. Of 18 trout
observed in late summer of 1978,15
returned to the same foraging sites
and home ranges the following
spring. In 1980, 11 or 14 trout
returned from the previous fall. '
“Behavior of fishermen disturb
wild brown trout from their normal
midday feeding,” Bachman
stated, observing that “in the
evening you certainly can get
much closer to brown trout without
frightening them.”
Feeding site quality Is also the
key to determining the number of
trout in a stream and how fast they
grow. This discovery throws “cold
water” on the theory that overhead
cover decides the number of trout
m a stream.
Bachman found that overhead
cover is used mostly by fish when
danger threatens. At such times,
cover is important, he affirmed.
Trout will take cover when an
angler makes a clumsy approach,
a woodchuck swims across the
stream, or a heron flies over. But
in 20 minutes, the trout generally
are back to their normal routine.
From his intensive observations.
Bachman could predict (within a
quarter of an inch) where a trout’s
head would come to rest after the
fish had been feeding. Usually such
position would be next to, above, or
below a certain rock or submerged
object.
Bachman knew the trout in his
section of Spruce Creek so well
that each one had a number and
often a name such as “Old
Yellowfin.” From photographs he
could tell how much each trout had
grown from year to year.
He watched each fish for 15
minute intervals, punching into a
computer called the “Trout
Tracker” everything about a
particular fish such as fighting,
feeding behavior, position
changes, and hiding. When a trout
retrieved an insect, or stirred up
some silt, it was recorded. Ther
observations continued for 10 to 12
straight hours daily.
“Rigid territoriality in the
traditional sense was not evident
among the brown trout in Spruce
Creek,” Bachman stated. “In
stead, we found that the fish share
their tune in feeding sites. There
is, however, a, hierarchy of
dominance. U three fish use the
same site, the largest one
dominates but all three share the
area. And there goes another myth
about trout behavior,” he added. '
A brown trout doesn’t tolerate
other fish feeding just upstream
where the intruders could interfere
with the first trout’s foraging.
When two trout fight for the same
location, the offensive fish
depresses its dorsal fm and pulls
the pectoral fins into its sides. The
defensive fish becomes as
“porcupine-like” as possible with
all fins erect. In a few seconds, the
action is usually finished.
'At tunes this results in a
“domino” effect, with the loser
moving. This causes another short
term change in positions up and
downthe stream.
PUBLIC SALE
REAL ESTATE &
PERSONAL PROPERTY
SAT., JUNES, 1981
11 o’clock A.M.
Located on road from Wakefield to
Peach Bottom at Cherry Hill, Fulton
Twp., Lane. Co., Pa.
Real Estate consists of all that certain tract
of land containing 1600 sq. yards more or less
with 71 ft. frontage erected there on 2% story
frame dwelling containing 6 rooms & Vh. baths,
baseboard oil hot water heat, well water, blown
insulation, electric and other conveniences.
Real Estate may be inspected by appointment
phone James A. Brown 717-548-2229. Real
Estate will be offered for sale at 2 P.M.
Personal property consists of comer cup
board, ext. table, oak arm chair, 4 oak chairs,
platform rocker, other rockers, over stuffed
chair, 4 kitchen chairs, end tables, small
tables, telephone stand, high chair, duffer
robe, 2 wardrobes, dresser, chest of drawers,
single bed, mattress & boxspring, 2 clothes
trees, basket cradle, blanket chest, 2 old
trunks, mirrors, linens & bedding, lot of old
books, picture frames, typewriter, China &
glassware, punch bowl & cups, hooking uten
sils, Kenmore electric cleaner, Tappen electric
range, Whirlpool no frost refrigerated freezer,
Philco washer, Philco Dryer, toaster 'oven,
electric appliances, kitchen cupboard, metal
cabinets, kitchen table & 6 chairs, 3 sets of
spring balance scales, rayo lamp, Christmas
decorations, glass jars, 36 ft. ext. ladder, step
ladder, vice, table saw, metal wheelbarrow,
lawn chairs, misc tools, and many other ar
ticles.
1970 Ford LTD car.
SALE BY
JAMES A. BROWN & BETTY M. HILL
Executors of the
GYLES H. BROWN Estate
Sam Ferguson Musser. Att’y
Kersey A. Bradley, Auct.
Kirk £ Eschbach Clerks
Lunch available