First aid quiz
(Continued from Rage C 22)
skates, and Jus toes become
frostbitten. What should you do?
A. Rub the toes gently with fresh
snow.
B. Rewarm the foot rapidly by
putting it in warm water.
C. Bring the child indoors and let
the toes rewarm gradually in the
warm air of the room.
D. None of the above.
5. Your eight-year-old
daughter scrapes her knee on the
sidewalk while playing hopscotch.
The knee is bloody, but the wound
is not serious enough to take her to
the doctor. What should you do?
A. Apply iodine and bandage the
wound.
B. Use a spray-on antiseptic,
then bandage the wound.
C. Wash the wound with soap and
water, then bandage it.
D. Wash the wound, use an an
tiseptic, and then bandage it.
E. None of the above.’
6. You're in the middle of a
dinner party when one of the
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guests suddenly turns blue and
collapses. Everyone panics. The
victim’s wife turns to you and
screams, “He’s having a heart
attack! Do something! What is the
first thing you should do?
A. Call an ambulance.
B. Ease the victim onto the floor
and put pillows under his head and
shoulders to aid blood flow and
assist breathing.
C. Get a nitroglycerin tablet
from another guest who has heart
problems and put the tablet under
the victim's tongue.
D. Start CPR (cardio
pulmonary-resuscitation).
E. None of the abo’/e.
7. While on vacation in
California you go for a hike and
stumble across a sunbathing
rattlesnake. He strikes and bites
you on the lower leg. What should
you do?
A. Run to the nearest vehicle and
rush to the hospital where an
tivenom shots are available.
B. Make cross-shaped cuts over
the fang marks, suck out the
venom and go for help.
C. Apply a tourniquet, make
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cross-shaped cuts over the tang
marks, suck out the venom and go
for help.
D. None of the above,
8. A fellow employee has
epilepsy. Normally it’s controlled
by medication, but one day he
forgets to take his pills and has a
seizure while you’re talking to him.
He starts thrashing and having
convulsions. What should you do?
A. Lay him on the ground and
hold him down firmly so that he
doesn’t hurt himself.
B. Splash cold water in his face
to help bring him back to normal.
C. Lay hum on the ground, put a
coat under his head, and stick a
pencil between his teeth to prevent
him from bitting his tongue.
D. None of the above.
Answers
1. A. In any auto crash, there is a
strong possibility of spinal injury.
If you move the victim without
proper back and meek support, you
could sentence him to life in a
wheelchair. Give first aid m the
car.
The same advice applies to
diving accidents. The victim
should not be dragged from the
water until back -support is
available. Give him artificial
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respiration as you support hum. in
the water, with his head in line
with his back.
2. B. Butter, oil and burn oint
ments are no longer recommended
for burns. A doctor will have to
remove these applications before
he can treat the burn, and removal
can be a slow and painful process.
Fast application of cold water is
the best way to halt destruction of
tissue in first or second degree
burns. But ice water should not be
applied to major burns covering
large areas of the body because
cold can intensify the shock
reaction. Instead, wrap the victim
in a clean sheet or towel to cut off
air circulation to the burn and rush
him to the hospital.
3. D. If you don’t have ipecac
syrup, give the child several
glasses of water, and gently place
a finger in the back of her throat to
induce vomiting. Then get her to
the hospital.
A note of caution: some poisons
should not be vomited. For this
reason experts recommend that
you check with your doctor or local
poison control center before giving
an emetic.
4. B. Once warmth is restored,
the affected area should be gently
washed with a mild detergent and
blotted dry. Then see a doctor.
Frostbitten tissue should never be
nibbed with snow, nor rubbed or
chafed at all.
5. C. For minor wounds the
experts recommend a thorough
washing with soap and water. To
minimize the chance of infection,
first clean your hands, then the
area around the injury, and finally
the wound itself, using a sterile pad
and wiping away from the wound.
Coughing, sneezing or breathing
directly on the wound must ne
avoided.
6, E. If the person collapses
during a meal, there’s a good
chance he’s choking on a piece of
food. Ask him. A heart attack
victim should be able to speak; a
choking victim can’t.
If he is choking, wait a few
seconds to see if he can cough out
the food. It not, stand behind bun,
put your arms around his waist
and place your fist against his
abdomen just above the navel.
Squeeze rapidly and forcefully.
Hopefully the plug of food will be
dislodged so that you can reach in
his mouth and pull it out.
If he is too heavy to hold, you can
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perform the same maneuver while
straddling the victim as he lies on
his back.
If it is a heart attack, call an
ambulance. If the victim is
breathing, prop him up in a sitting
position to aid breathing and blood
flow. If breathing or heartbeat
stops, begin resusitation im
mediately.
7. D. Stay calm. Excitement and
exertion (such as running for help)
will speed the poison through the
body.
If a car is at hand and medical
assistance is only a few minutes
away, it may be best to go for help
before making any incisions.
If help is not readily available,
apply a “constricting band” above
the bite with a belt, sock,
neckerchief or other flat bandage.
A constricting band is suniliar to a
tourniquet, but loose enough to slip
a finger under it. You should be
able to feel your pulse beyond the
band. This will prevent the poison
from spreading, yet keep the limb
supplied with blood.
Cleanse the bitten area and then
make a straight cut over the fang
marks through the skin only. Be
careful not to cut too deeply. Suck
the venom out gently with the
suciton cup of a snakebite kit.
Continue for 30 to 60 minutes.
8. D. Do not try to restrain a
person who is having convulsions.
Instead, ease bun to the floor, put a
coat or other soft cushion beneath
his head and remove chairs and
other obstructions which could
hurt him. Do not try to jam a pencil
or other hard objects between his
teeth because a pencil could
damage the tissues or it could
break and be swallowed. Instead,
use a clean, rolled-up hankerchief
or other soft cloth to prevent the
victim'from biting his tongue.
Make sure it does not obstruct his
breathing.