C2o—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 11,1981
Try prescription tillage
LITITZ Seldom does anything
beat the time-tested, preplant
incorporated herbicide treatment
for selectively controlling yellow
nutsedge or johnsongrass
Besides making the herbicide
virtually weatherproof, in
corporation insures better control
of these tough weeds by placing the
herbicide in direct contact with
sprouting rhizomes or tubers
Incorporated herbicides generally
provide more consistent control of
common annual grasses, too
Some popular herbicides such
as Sutan+ and Eradicane for corn,
Eptam, Balan and Tolban for new
alfalfa seedings, and Treflan and
Vernam for soybeans, must be
incorporated Other herbicides,
such as Dual and give
farmers the option of incorporation
or surface application, though a
higher rate of these chemicals is
usually needed when in
corporating
Nonetheless, it's important to
pay close attention to the her
bicide’s label for specific ap
plication instructions and
restrictions
For years the tandem disk
harrow has been the old standby
for incorporation and it still is
But more interest today is reduced
tillage and fuel consumption,
coupled by the introduction of new
and improved tillage implements.
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215-445-6186
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has encouraged farmers to tinker
with other tillage systems” for
herbicide incorporation
So what is the best tillage system
today for herbicide incorporation 9
Research over the years at Penn
State has shown that several in
tricate variables enter the picture
when evaluating an incorporation
method
First, the weed spectrum in a
field must be considered when
selecting an incorporation tool and
setting tillage depth Most annual
grasses, for instance germinate in
the top two inches of soil, while
nutsedge and johnsongrass
emerge from their respective
tubers and rhizomes from as deep
as six inches
Preplant herbicides must be
positioned in the weeds ger
minating zone to be effective
For example if the field is
pnmarly infested with annual
grasses, incorporating the her
bicide to a shallow depth should do
the trick However if deep
germinating weeds such as nut
sedge are also a problem it may
be necessary to incorporate the
herbicide deeper or a higher
application rate may be needed to
cover both shallow- and deep
germinatmg weeds
Second, the performance of
today’s popular incorporation tools
the tandem disk, heavy disk.
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for better herbicide results
cultimulcher and power-driven
Lelv Roterra often hinges on
whether a plow chisel or heavy
disk was used for pnmarv tillage
The number of tillages, if any
before incorporation also af f ects
the herbicide’s placement
Bv impregnating a fluorescent
dye onto a clav bonding material
incorporating it with different
tillage tools, and observing the
results with a black light Penn
state agronomists have proven
that herbicide distribution can
varv significantly under various
primary and secondary tillage
systems
In each test, and adjacent plot
was treated withSutan + herbicide
so actual weed control could also
be monitored
Listed below are some ob
servations on the performance of
each incorporation tool when used
after a plow and one disking, chisel
plow or heavy disk
The plots were infested with both
shallow-germinating annual
grasses and deep-germinating
yellow nutsedge
These findings mav serve as a
guide to farmers when planning
next season’s weed control
program
After moldboard plowing and a
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single tandem disking
Cultimulcher' The cultimulch j r
was one of the best herbicide in
corporation tools when controlling
annual grasses and nutsedge
Although incorporation depth was
consistently shallow only one to
two inches the cultipackmg
action evidently helped Sutan +
control the deep-germinating
nutsedge
Lely Roterra: The Roterra
which stirs soil horizontally,
provided very even herbicide
incorporation down to two inches
This treatment was the second
best for controlling annual grasses
but among the worst for con
trolling nutsedge
Tandem Disk- The tandem disk
was equal to the cultimulcher and
Roterra in controlling annual
grasses It was also equal to the
cultimulcher for control of nut-
sedge
However the tandem disk
placed the herbicide deeper in the
soil than the cultimulcher and
Roterra, which may have shghtlv
reduced the herbicide s ef
fectiveness on the shaliow
germinating grasses
After chisel plowing •
Lelv Roterra- The Roterra in-
'■ RESIDENTIAL
corporated Sutan +- evenly down to
a thiee-mch depth
Annual glass control was e\
cellent, but yellow nutsedge
control was not good Apparently
the incorporation was not deep
enough or the Sutan + was not
sealed in for effective yellow
nutsedge control
Tandem Disk Incorporation
with a tandem disk following a
chisel plow was to a depth of about
four inches This is an inch deeper
than the tandem disk incorporated
herbicide applied to a smoother
surface sin h as .die. plowing and
disking once The resulting annual
grass control and yellow nutsedge
control were both excellent
Heavv disk - The heavy disk did a
verv uneven job of herbicide in
corporation. but this is not to sav il
shouldn’t be used
Unlike other grass herbicides'
Sutan f Eradicahe. Rptani and
Vernam vaporize in the soil and to
some degree, even out a pooi in
corporation job
The heavv disk incorporation
Sutan +■ deeper than anv other tool
though the herhicde was in
corporated in a spiked pattern that
appeared to correspond with the
r i
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