El2—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, March 21,1981
Bees may suffer in
LAWRENCE, Kansas
At first glance, the
recently published
findings of a University
of Kansas research
team seem to carry a
“For Scientists Only”
label.
Who else would care
that male sweat bees
fumigated continuously
with levels of sulphur
dioxide low enough to
meet federal air-quality
standards begin to fly
less and less’
Yet Charles
Michener, Kansas
University Watkins
Distinguished Professor
of Entomology, makes a
good case for the
general significance of
that discovery. He says
that poulltants may be
inhibiting reproduction
of crop pollinators, such
as bees, and slowing
down other flying in
sects that prey on their
plant-eating cousins.
Michener was
graduate adviser and
bee supplier to two
entomology graduate
students who took part
m the study: Michael
Gmevan, who left KU in
1978 after finishing the
work, and Les Green
berg, who remains a KU
graduate student.
D.D Lane, assistant
professor of civil
engineering, designed
and built the fumigation
chamber and has kept it
working.
Michener speculates
that like male sweat
bees, other flying in
sects also grow sluggish
when exposed to low
sulphur dioxide levels.
Meanwhile, the prey of
those flying insects -
other less mobile insect
that feed on plants - face
less threat from their
popped-out predators.
“This may mean
we’re setting ourselves
up for bigger and bigger
attacks by plant-feeding
insects because they’re
not being controlled by
their enemies,” he said.
“And we have some
hints that this is really
happening.”
For example, years
ago one of Michener’s
colleagues advertised
that he would pay a
mckel each for cecropia
moth specimens. The
moth is a relatively rare
planteating insect, and
the colleague collected
about a half dozen from
Lawrence.
“Then someone ap
peared with two gun
nysacks full that he’s
collected from a couple
of vacant lots around
Kansas City.”
Michener said that
one possible explanation
is that the parasitic
wasps that attack the
cecropia moth “are
being killed off or made
sluggish by pollutants.”
In three tests by the
KU research team,
male sweat bees were
fumigated with low
level ccr-centrations of
sulphur dioxide .14
parts per million (the
federal maximum) to
.28 ppm-for 16 to 29
days. In all tests, flight
activity of bees exposed
to the gas, one of the
major air pollutants
produced by the burning
of fossil fuels, fell off
more rapidly than in
matched groups of
identical, unexposed
bees.
In the 16-day ex
periment, for example,
the bees’ per-day flight
tune fell from about 50
percent to about 15
percent with sulphur
dioxide levels at .14
ppm.
wnat s more, the
decline in flight activitv
changed little when me
sulphur dioxide dose
was doubled to .28 ppm,
suggesting that levels
lower than 14 ppm also
may inhibit flight,
according to the
researchers’ findings,
published in the October
1980 Proceedings of the
National Academy of
Sciences.
Lane said there is ‘no
doubt” that cities such
as New York, Los
Angeles and Kansas
City occasionally reach
the 14 ppm level, but
that such con
centrations also can
occur in more remote
areas, where the effect
on insect populations
would be more marked.
For example, public
policy is dictating the
construction of coal
buming power plants
adjacent to coal mines,
he said, which could
PUBLIC SALE
HOLSTEIN DAIRY HERD
AND FARM IMPLEMENTS
FRI., MARCH 27
11:00 A.M
On the premises in Marion Township, Berks
County, Pa. Close to North Marion Mennomte
School Turn north at Mdlardsville on Route
422, East of Myerstown on to Wmtersville
Road. Go to second crossroad. Turn right to
sale Watch for sale signs.
HOLSTEIN DAIRY CATTLE
30 Head Of Holstein Grade Dairy Cattle; 20
Milk Cows, Some Fresh And Some In Various
Stages Of delation. Good Producing Herd. 9
Head Bred Heifers; One Service Age Bull; One
Yearling Bull.
FARM IMPLEMENTS
1200 David Brown Tractor; Sauder Loader,
Like New; No. 352 N. H. Grinder & Mixer; J.D.
No 110 Haybme; Gehl Harvester; Com Head
and 6’ Pickup; Wood Corn Picker; No. 68 N.H.
Baler; N.H Manure Spreader With Hydraulic
End Gate; Me l> 14’ Wheel Disc; Brilhon 12’
Cultimulcher; Cultipacker; Harrow; Small
Harrow For 3-Bottom Plow; Disc On Wheels;
Trailer-Type Sprayer With 30’ Boom; Wheel
Disc; No. 110 J.D. Forage Wagon; Grove
Forage Wagon; 3 Flatbed Wagons; N.H.
Forage Wagon; Oliver Superior 20 Disc Gram
Drill On Rubber; Trailer with 7%x16’ Diamond
Plate Bed; Wagon With Hay Racks; Silage
Trailer; Mc.C Chopper; Gehl No. 99 Hythrow
Blower, Used 1 year; J.D, Hopper Blower; J.D.
Ensilage Blower; J.D. No. 494 Corn Planter;
David Bradley Side Rake; Snowplow; 4” Gram
Auger; Cattle Waterer; 3-Pomt Ground Scoop;
Post Hole Digger; Incomplete Chore Boy
Pipeline Milker With 34T%” Glass Tubing; 3
Roof Ventilators; Wheelbarrow; David Brown
Wheel Weights; Feed Cart; Milk Cans; Cow
Clippers; Dehorner; Fence Posts; Tobacco
Lath; Tractor Tire Chains; 4 Handyman
Jacks; Range Shelter And More Items Not
Listed Used On A Farm, Not Too Many Small
Items, So Be On Tune!
Sale Time: 11:00 A.M.
Sale Order: Small Items, Farm Implements,
Cattle
Terms By:
CLARENCE Z. & MARY Z. MARTIN
Copenhaver & Weik, Auctioneers
Hoover & Martin, Clerks
Lunch By North Marion School
result in sulphur dioxide
levels harmful to flying
insects within a four to
five-mile radius of the
plant
There are im
plications to the ob
served fall-off in flight
time besides the ad
vantage that it gives to
non-flying, plant-gobbl
ing insects, he said.
During their mating
cycle, sweat bees must
be airborne in order to
mate, he said Low
sulphur-dioxide levels
could prevent
reproduction. The same
may happen to many
other flying insects.
Michener added bees
are much more im
portant than other in
sects in plant
pollination, with the
farm value of crops they
pollinate running an
nually into the billion of
dollars
One interesting aspect
of the study is that
before Gmevan and
Lane teamed up in 1976
to begin their bee study,
very little research
existed on air
pollutants’ effects on
insects, Michener said.
Older scientific
studies had concluded
that sulphur dioxide
didn’t kill insects, he
said, so researchers
instead had focused on
“clean” air
that pollutant’s effects results, we think, are
on green plants and deceptive because the
mammals, including researchers were only
hunidns looking 3t mortslity,
“So the earlier he said.
PUBLIC SALE
Of Farm Equipment,
Tools, Guns, Steam Engines
Hit-Mess Engines,
Household Goods, Antiques
SATURDAY, APRIL 11
9:00 A.M.
Located along Rt. 322, one mile east of
Blue Ball, East Earl Twp., Lancaster Co.,
Pa.
Farm Equipment
John Deere 4020 Diesel Tractor on steel tank
wheels, straight shift, John Deere 350 Crawler
with Bucket, New Under Carriage, John Deere
1010 Row Crop Tractor on steel with Two Row
Cultivator, John Deere A Tractor on steel, John
Deere 4-16 Rollover Trip Bottom Plow, with new
bottoms, Oliver 365 3 16' Trip Bottom Plow, John
Deere 1240 Cornplanter with New Fingers, In
secticide and Fert, New Holland 275 Baler, 3pt
John Deere Pitmanless Mower, 3 yrs old, John
Deere 210 Transport Disc, 3 yrs old, New Holland
Super 717 Harvester with Wide Row Corn Head
and Harden knives, 2 Dion Forage Wagons with
Flotation Tires, used 4 yrs , John Deere 65 Hopper
Blower, Zimmerman Table Blower, 16 Bale
Elevator, Zimmerman Field Sprayer, 3 yrs old.
John Deere 4 Section Harrow. 12' Metal Drag and
Land Leveler, Wiard 3 pt Single Bottom Plow. 9
Cultipacker, Massey Harris 20 Disc Gram Drill,
Massey Harris Wheel Rake, New Holland 518
Manure Spreader, Two Row Potato Planter. Grader
and Plow. Two Row Stauffer Transplanter, new
barrel. New J D Cylinder. Farm and Hog Trailer
7 ton 18 Flatbed Wagon, 500 gal Tank with Pit
Pump on Trailer, Hog Feeders and Troughs. 40 of
9 Silo Pipe and Gooseneck, Hardy Portable
Sprayer with engine, Air Compressor with 5 H P
motor. Electric Gas Pump, 150 New Copper
Spouting, Kurtz Binder Wheel, Bale Boxes, Corn
Shelter, Vise, Anvil, Motors, Belts, Bolts. 2 Bench
Saws, Electric Cham Saw. Saw Buck. Hand and
Power Saws, 3 Woodworking Lathe. Tool Boxes,
3/4‘ Socket Set, Open End and other Wrenches,
Water Pump, Pipe Fitting, Log Chains, Ladders,
Scrap Iron, plus more farm tools not listed
Steam and Hit-Miss Engines
MODEL TT SINGLE
CYLINDER PEERLESS TRACTION
STEAM ENGINE 50 HP
FARQUHAR 32 FLUE, 2 CYLINDER,
SELF PROPELLED STEAM ENGINE. 2 Stationary
Steam Engines, Locomobile Stanley Twin Steam
Engine, several Steam Whistles, Baker Fan,
Governors, Water Glass, Steam Parts. Iniectors,
Flue Brushes, Upright Boilers, 5 - Model Steam
Engines, good condition, more related parts
New Holland l /z H P ENGINE. 3 New Holland 5
H P Engines, Famous 4 H P Int Tank cooled with
Auto Sparker, 3 H P Wummer with Mag on Cart. 2
- Int 6 H P with Wico Mag on Cart. 3 H P-6 H P
Nova Hopper cooled with Wico Mag, Witte 5 H P
with Wico Mag on Cart, Fair Banks Moorse 3 H P
with 250 lbs Air Compressor with Mag, Momter
Pump with Pump Jack, 1 H P Gray on Cart,
Vacuum Taylor l*/z HP with Wico Mag, Farm
Master I'/iHP with Wico Mag, New Holland Cart.
Small Koller Electric Plant
SURVEYOR’S TRANSIT AND
TRIPOD ANNUALS OF
CONESTOGA VALLEY BOOK
Antiques, Household Goods,
Guns, Coins
2 Old Blanket Chests, 6 Plank Bottom Chairs,
Large Antique Wardrobe, Cane Seated Rocker,
Washstand with Towel Rack. Sideboard, Eagle
Claw Foot Parlor Stand, Library Table, Old Bureau,
several Double Beds, several Old Trunks, Old
Wooden Viewmaster, Rag Carpet, Sausage Stuffer,
Meat Grinder, Crocks, Jugs, lots of Wicker
Baskets, Porch Furniture, Carnival, Pink and
Green Dishes, SHIRLEY TEMPLE PITCHER. Vases.
Canning Jars, NEW QUILTS, Sun Burst, Giant
Dahlia plus others, Kntckknacks, Single and Double
12 ga Shot Gun 22 Rifle Single Shot 2 Bow and
Arrows, several Half Dollars, Buffalo Nickels and
Pennies, Lots of Old Story Books
NOTE Engines and Conestoga Annuals Book to
be sold at 2 00 P M
SALE ORDER Tools, Household Goods. Engines,
Book, Coins, Equipment Come early and enjoy the
day with us Something (or everyone
Sale for,
ERVIN M.& ADA Z. HORST
717-354-9939
Aucts
Nevm Z. Martin and Paul W* Horst
Clerks: Martin-Shirk
Lunch by Goodville Fire Co.
Not Responsible tor Accidents
tfk. CONSIGNMENT
HORSE SALE
SATURDAY, MARCH 28
11:OOA.M. Sharp
Tack sold at 9:30 A.M.
Horses Hitched at 9:00 A.M.
(If weather permits)
KEISTER’S MIDDLEBURG AUCTION SALES, INC.
Route 522,3 miles East of Middleburg
5 miles West of Selinsgrove
One load of draft horses consigned by Paul
Hardy from North Carolina.
One load of sharp standardbred. carriage &
buggy horses.
For Information Call
717-992-1490 or 717-837-2222
KEISTER’S MIDDLEBURG AUCTION SALES, INC.
Rt. 522 - RD 3, Middleburg, Pa.
Owners
DON & WAIT KEISTER
Ray Long & Dave Imes Auctioneers
Terms Cash Trucking Available
Restaurant Open
PUBLIC SALE
FRIDAY, APRIL 3
AT 8:30 A.M.
Located in Cumberland Co., 7 miles
west of Carlisle and 3 miles east of
Newville. Watch for sale signs along Rt.
641 leading from Carlisle to Newville.
Farm Machinery
Massey Ferguson 165 tractor; John Deere 40
tractor; John Deere cultivators for 40; John
Deere lever harrow; John Deere fluffer; Oliver
two 16 in. bottom cushion trip plows; New
Holland 69 Haylmer Baler with thrower; 2
rubber tired wagons with hay racks.
Oliver side delivery tractor rake; 28 ft. bale
elevator; Harvester gram elevator; hay and
gram elevator; Brilhon cultipacker; Oliver
disk harrow; 3 pt. Massey Ferguson 7 ft.
tractor mower; New Holland spreader (good);
snow blade; Ford tractor jack; saw raandle; 3
creasote poles; seed cleaner; grindstone; 2
sump pumps; power take off shafts; two wheel
trailer.
Museum Pieces
Domestic gas engine; one-horse corn cutter;
one-horse gram drill; Oliver A 409 sulkey plow;
small Conestoga wagon with Imch pins; one
horse bob sled; shaving horse; York 2 row com
planter; fanning null; one-horse plow; one
horse cultivator; good sleigh; one-hoise
jumper; two one-horse com planters; one
horse hay tedder and two bob sleds; boring
machines.
Horse Drawn Equip.
& Primitives
Several good two-horse wagons with good
beds and seats; dump rake; New Idea push hay
loader; iron wheel wagon with bed; IHC two
horse walking plow; Oliver steel beam walking
plow; Oliver wooden beam walking plow; 3
shovel plows; Syracuse plow.
McCormick two-horse com plow; two-horse
mower; running gears of wagons and wheels; 3
sets buggy shaves; buggy two-horse pole; steel
wheels and axles; IHCburrmill.
Special Mention
ONE OWNER 1966 CORVAIR 4 DOOR SEDAN
WITH 87,000 ORIGINAL MILES
Buggy wheels and axles; single trees; double
trees; spreaders; blacksmith vise; runners for
bob sleds; buggy jacks; shad belly saws;
several wooden wheelbarrows; two wooden
tubs; several gram cradles; forks and shovels.
Harness & Butcher Equipment
12 horse collars; fly nets; 6 sets of front gears
and 2 sets of bntchmens; iron kettles; 3 foots;
grinder; stuffer; flesh forks; meat bench.
A LOT OF CHAIRS AND ROCKING CHAIRS
(Some with cane seats)
LARGE IRON PILE - 3 WAGON LOADS OF
SMALL ITEMS.
NOTE: No sale here for 49 years. It is hard to
tell what will be uncovered. This is a very small
list.
MR. & MRS. RALPH S. SHUGHART
Phone 717-776-5737
TERMS: CASH.
Dean Shull, Auct. 776-6413
Otto, Clerk
Loach Stud Reserved