C34—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, February 21,1981
How to control nutsedge in
LANCASTER - Nutsedge’
Nutgrass’ Call it what you like, but
either way this weed spells trouble
for farmers.
Nutsedge is a perennial plant
with an extensive underground
root system of stobons and tubers,
or nutlets It is a member of the
sedge family, though it is often
mistaken for a grass because of its
narrow leaf
The plant’s triangular, solid
stem is one way to distinguish it
from a grass
Two species of nutsedge are
found in the United States Yellow
nutsedge, the most widespread,
infests ci upland throughout the
Northeast
Purple nutsedge, a more per
sistent vai lety, is primarily found
in Texas and along the Coastal
Plain
Yellow nutsedge plants are
yellowish-gi een in color and grow
to 30 inches tall Stolons radiate
from the plant, ending in tubers
Tubers may then produce new
plants. Stiaw-colored flowers
appear within 60 days of plant
emergence
Purple nutsedge is similar to
yellow, though plants are dark
green in color, produce reddish
purpose seed heads and grow to
only 15 inches tall It, too, produces
stolons But unlike yellow nut
sedge, the purple variety produces
new plants in senes, forming
“tuber chains ”
Both nutsedge varieties are also
prolific seed producers, yielding
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up to 100 million viable seeds per control.
acre. Nevertheless, agronomists Tuber populations can reach 30
still regard tubers as the key to million per acre in the plow layer
nutsedge reproduction and the of heavily infested fields
major obstacle in the weed’s Unlike weed seeds, tubers
Yellow nutsedge, common throughout the Northeast, is
easily identified by its yellow-green color, underground
stolons and tubers, and triangular-feel of stem when rolled
between one’s fingers.
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com or soybeans
germinate from as deep as 12 in
ches, though most plants emerge
from the upper six inches of soil.
University weed scientists
contend that the spread of nut
sedge in recent years is due partly
to the unproved control of common
annual grasses and broadleaf
weeds in the field crops
This factor, plus the trend of
earlier planting and reduced
tillage, they say, has opened the
door for heavy nutsedge in
festations all over the country
It is virtually impossible to
eradicate nutsedge, but using an
integrated program of cultural
practices, herbicides and tillage
(before and after the crop is
planted) will let fanners produce a
profitable crop on nutsedge
mfested acreage
Nutsedge cannot compete ef
fectively in the shade, therefore,
growmg taller crops such as corn
or soybeans will give farmers an
edge in controlling this aggressive
perennial. Narrow row spacmgs
are generally recommended to
provide the most shade
No effective surface-applied
herbicide treatments are available
for controlling nutsedge in field
crops. Preplant incorporated
herbicides are essential so the
chemical will be m close contact
with the sprouting tubers
Incorporation also helps destroy
sprouted and dormant tubers by
placing them up on the soil surface
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where they will die, as tubers are
sensitive to drying.
Because tubers can germinate
deeper than annual weed seeds,
farmers may find it necessary to
incorporate their herbicide deeper
than normal. A higher application
rate may also be needed. Be sure
to check the herbicide’s label for
specific application instructions.
In corn, Sutan+ is the most
popular preplant treatment for
controlling nutsedge Its field
proven performance over the
years has made it the most widely
recommended herbicide for
controlling the yellow or purple
variety
Eradicane will also control
yellow nutsedge This herbicide
may be preferred over Sutan+ if
other tough weeds such as ]ohn
songrass or quackgrass are
present in the same field
Five pounds of atrazine 80-W or
four quarts of the 4-L formulation
may be used alone to suppress
yellow nutsedge Farmers should
keep in mind that atrazine residues
will persist for two years,
requiring corn to be planted for
two consecutive years
Dual and Lasso, if incorporated,
also will control yellow nutsedge.
Corn growers have two
postemergence herbicide treat
ments available for controlling
yellow nutsedge Atrazine with
crop oil may be applied when
(Turn to Page C 35)
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