Thiamine deficiency in cattle can cause nervous
LANCASTER What are deficiency in fattening beef
the consequences of cattle’
thiamine (Vitamin Bn Without adequate
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thiamine, cattle lose ap
petite, stop growing,
weaken, and are likely to
have a severe nervous
disorder, bovine polioen
cephalomalacia Among
other things, this disorder,
called PEM or BPE for
short, causes blindness,
failure of the rumen to
contract, convlusions.
paralysis and death
Cattle may receive
thiamine in two ways in
their feed and from bacterial
synthesis in the rumen
However, under certain
conditions, cattle may not
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get sufficient thiamine to
promote growth at peak
efficiency Neither source
guarantees they’ll get the
required levels. So to
compensate for potential
thiamine losses, sup
plemental thiamine is
recommended waen PEM
occurs or is suspected
Even though this essential
B-complex vitamin is found
in feedstuffs like leafy green
plants and whole grains,
studies that link thiamine
deficiency to PEM indicate
moldy hay, straw and cer
tain plants contain
ti
er
mcaster Farming, Saturday, January 24,1981—P19
thiaminase, a thiamine
antagonist
Thiaminase is an exzyme
that destorys thiamine and
can reduce a feed’s thiamine
content
In addition, bacterial
synthesis ot thiamine in the
rumen has been found to
vary considerably in cattle
fed a variety of roughage
and grain products It has
been estimated that only
eight mg of thiamine is
produced in the rumen
during 24 hours
In a study measuring the
influence of physical form of
grain and roughage on
thiamine content in the
rumen, thiamine levels
varied by a 40-fold dif
ferential
There are other situations
where supplemental
thiamine is advisable too
For example, sick animals,
off feed for several days,
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disorder
have reduced rumen func
tion
Fermentation in the
rumen decreases 10 percent
to 15 percent, the rumen
protozoa count may fall to
zero, and the bacterial count
may drop to one percent of
normal These changes may
reduce rumen synthesis of
thiamine, requiring sup
plemental thiamine to make
up the loss.
Non-ruminating calves
also have a great need for
thiamine in the diet. Post
weaning is a stressful period
in a calf’s life
Studies have shown that
supplemental thiamine
helped calves achieve faster
weight gains and better feed
conversion
These calves required
fewer days of treatment for
disease than stressed calves
not given supplemental
thiamine