P4—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, January 24,1981
No-till
(Continued from Page 03}
have been extremely helpful
in determining the fate of N
applied to no-tillage com
These findings indicated that
instead of being leached out
of the root zone, much of the
fertilizer nitrogen was ac
tually tied up” in the
organic layer which ac
cumulates at the soil surface
under no-tillage
Some data indicates that
under no-tillage, regardless
of soil texture, it would be
beneficial to delay N ap
plication until the demand
for hi by the com plant
begins to increase, perhaps 5
to 6 weeks after planting or
when the corn is 12 to 18
inches tall But additional
.research needs to be con
ducted on this problem
Nitrogen is the most costly
of the major fertilizer
nutrients required for crop
production and obviously
must be utilized efficienctly
Urea, the most con
centrated solid N fertilizer
available, is rapidlv
becoming the most im
portant N source in dr\
blended fertilizers Urea, is
also an important con
stituent of the increasingly
popular liquid N solutions
The advantages of urea
are excellent physical
(handling and storage)
characteristics blends well
with other fertilizer
materials, and contains
more N per pound of
material than am other N
source except anhydrous
ammonia However urea
has one major disadvantage
When not soil incorporated
there is a relatively high
probability that a significant
portion of the N mav be lost
to the atmosphere through
ammonia volatillization
In tests conducted over a 4-
year period at three
Maryland locations am
monium nitrate prilled
urea granulated urea and
30% UAN solution were
compared at four ap
plication rates on no-tillage
com In 5 out of the 12 tests
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urea resulted in gram yields
significantly lower than
those obtained from am
monium nitrate Also in
another sof the 1 2 tests. 30%
UAN was inferior to am
monium nitrate, but usually
superior to urea
When urea was soil in
corporated, research has
demonstrated that apparent
gaseous ammonia losses
were not a problem More
efficient use of urea on no
tillage corn can apparently
be obtained by injecting the
urea several inches beneath
the soil surface with a
special applicator
Similar benefits have been
observed with N solutions
when injected beneath the
soil surface, or when surface
applied in a solid stream as
opposed to a more con
ventional fine sprav
In an effort to reduce
ammonia losses from sur
face applied urea and UAN
solutions, several \
materials were compared
either broadcast or injected
(5" to 6" deep' at the Poplar
Hill Research Farm near
Salisbury in 1979 Similer
tests were conducted in 1980
The results were not con
sistent but nevertheless
encouragmg
Placing the nitrogen
beneath the soil surface
significantly imoroveo com
grain yields in 1979 and 1980
In other tests it has
frequently Been obsen eo
that dribbling \ solutions
oetween the rows resulted
in higner yields than if the
LAN solution had been
broadcast in a uniform
sprav
Another important aspect
of fertilizing no-tillage com
is the development of excess
acidity near the soil surface
This can be a serious
problem since under the no
tillage concept all ot the N
fertilizer is applied to the soil
surface
Soil samples taken from
near the surface usualK
have a much lower pH than
those taken from the entire
plow lax er Therefore it is
e'ctremeh important that
soil samples be taken from
the pi oper depth m no-tillage
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Grantville PA
717-469-0888
fields to reflect this surface
soil aciditv
Weed control in no-tillage
corn has often been poor
Research at Penn State
showed that often the im
portant tnazine herbicides
such as atrazme and
simazme, were de-acti\ated
by low soil pH
It was soon found that
although pH levels of soil
samples taken from the
entire plow layer appeared
to be satisfactory for com.
the pH at the soil surface
was often much lower, due
apparently to the surface
application of acid fer
tilizers. particularly
nitrogen
Soil samples taken from
set eral depths indicated
there was no significant
difference in soil pH between
the 0 to 1 and the 0 to 2 inch
soil samples However. there
was often a significant pH
difference between the
ai erage of the two samples
taken near the surface and
the sample taken from the 0
to 8 inch depth The latter
plow ia\er sample e\en
though it senera’l>
demonstrated a ’ower soil
pH as the nitrogen rate was
increased aid
adequately measure surface
soil dK
To comoensate mr this
problem Bandel recom
menaea two sou samples be
taKen from no-tiilace fields
one from the 0 to 2 inch
denth fo* - dH and lime
recommendations ana
another sample from me 0 to
8 inch depth for nnospnoms
ana potassium soil test anc
recommendations The plow
depth sample should not be
used to estimate lime needs
no-tillage fields
A no-tillage field that
should be tested by the two
soil sample method is
defined as any held that has
not been moldboard plowed
for at least one vear and nas
recen ed lime and/or fer
tilizer Broadcast on tne
surface during that period
Fields chisel plowed ana/or
disked during this period
should also be treated as no
tiilase for soil sampling
since neither of these
operations significantly
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215 926 2121
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New London PA
215 255 4378
WEST CHESTER FEEDS
iVest Chester FA
21 o b9>& 1 Zoo
incorporates surface applied no-tillage corn no-tillage has a higher yiel
fertilizers —N application rates may potential than convention;
In summary, it appears be similar for no-tillage as tillage com at optimal
that for more efficient well as for conventional rates, it would be justifabl
utilization of \ fertilizers by tillage corn However since ( r L Mi to Kage Ufc»
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215-845-2261
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Adapts to varied
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