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answers, Bandel said
In Maryland, research on
no-tillage corn fertilization
has thus far been con
centrated on nitrogen
management.
One of the earliest
problems to be addressed
concerned the observation
that corn grown on un
cultivated soil required
higher nitrogen rates than
corn grown under the con
ventional tillage systems To
make comparisons between
the two tillage systems and
determine whether no
tillage did actually require
additional nitrogen, tests,
were initiated at several
locations in Maryland in 1973
and continued through 1980
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Rt 1 Cochranville. PA 19330
215-593-6731
DETWILER SILO REPAIR
No-till
(continued irom rage Ott
A
J \ •
J. A. SWOPE
Box 121, RDI
Myerstown, PA
717-933-4758
Rt. 2. Newville. PA
717-776-7533
No-tillage and con
ventional tillage corn were
compared at five nitrogen
rates- 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160
lbs N/A In recent years, the
40 lb rate was replaced with
a 240 lb N rate
According to Bandel, the
typical response has been
that at low nitrogen rates,
no-tillage corn did not yield
as well as conventional
tillage com But at more
optimal N rates, no-tillage
generally out-yielded con
ventional tillage corn
Apparently, conventional
tillage corn benefits from
soil N mineralized from
organic matter by
cultivation When the soil is
plowed, organic matter is
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, January 24,1981—D3
oxidized and some of its N is
released for plant use Less
organic N is mineralized
under no-tillage since the
soil is not tilled and exposed
to atmospheric oxygen
In spite of the frequency of
the above described
“typical” relationship
between tillage and N rate, it
does not always occur
For instance, at the
Forage Research Farm in
1978, no-tillage consistently
out-yielded conventional
tillage corn at all N rates.
And conversely at Wye
Institute the same year,
conventional tillage con
sistently out-yielded no
tillage corn
Why? Was it because of
some unique soil charac
teristic such as temperature,
moisture or soil drainage 9
Or could it have been due to
time of N application,
management, local weather
or what 9
In an effort to examine
tune of N application, a test
at Poplar Hill was
established in 1978 so that
two N application dates
could be compared The
plots were split, with N
applied to one half of the plot
on April 28 All for the N for
the other half of the plot was
applied on June 6
On those plots which
received N on April 28,
conventional tillage con
sistantly out-yielded no
tillage corn. This was
unexpected, since at the
Poplar Hill location, the
“cross-over” type
relationship described
previously between tillage
and N rate had prevailed in
the past However, for those
plots which had received N
on June 6, the expected
“cross-over” relationship
did occur between no-tillage
and conventional tillage
grain yields
It was obvious in this case
that the early N application
did not benefit no-tillage as
much as conventional tillage
com Under conventional
tillage, there was no yield
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difference due to the date of
N application. However,
under no-tillage a rather
large grain yield benefit
occured in favor of the late N
application
It was apparent that under
no-tillage some mechanism
reduced availability of the
early applied N. Either the N
was leached from the root
zone be'ore the plants could
recover it, or the N was
immobilized by soil
microorganisms. Timing
had no apparent effect upon
N availability (as reflected
by corn yields) under the
conventional tillage com
Yield data collected in 1979
and 1980, in an effort to
repeat these results, were
not conclusive Abnormal
weather conditions may
have been partially
responsible si* 1 ' the 1980
growing season was ab
normally wet, and 1980 was
extremely droughty
Of five test locations in
1979, at only one was there
any benefit observed for
delayed N application This
occurred on a Beltsville silt
loam soil at the Plant
Research Farm near College
Park At Poplar Hill the only
response was due to N rate.
In 1980, grain yields were
not influenced by any
significant interaction
between tillage, N rate, or
tune of N application The
greatest response observed
was due to tillage.
At Poplar Hill when op
timal N rates had been
applied, no-tillage corn
yielded approximated 40
bushels per acre more than
similarly fertilizer con
ventional tillage corn
Similar trends were also
observed at the other three
locations Drought stress
obviously was less severe in
the no-tillage plots than in
the conventional tillage
plots.
Labeled N fertilizer tests
conducted by Drs Legg,
Stanford and Meisinger at
USDA, Beltsville, Maryland
(Turn to Hage D 4)