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(Continued from Pace D 4)
Delaware is to develop
purely selective media-a
different one for each
bacterium,” he says. “That
way, if you’re testing for
block rot in a batch of
cabbage seeds, for instance,
if anything at all grows in the
medium we’ve developed for
black rot, that’s it.”
Initially Sasser and co
researcher, horticulturist
Donald Fieldhouse, set out to
develop selective media for
a group of about 100 bacteria
responsible for plant
diseases.
The first step mvolved
testing hundreds of carbon
and nitrogen compounds,
antibiotics, fungicides and
inhibitors in various com
binations, to learn how these
effect different bacteria.
Then they went to the
computer and asked it to
s fZtf?
- THE ORIGINATOR OF AGRICULTURE SWITCH GEAR -
Identifying diseases
develop recipes for possible
selective media, based on
this information.
The recipes they got back
were ranked by the com
puter in order of porbably
effectiveness.
The scientists tested each
recipe and every time they
came up with a formulation
that looked promising, they
sent it on to a specialist in
that particular bacterial
disease at a research station
in another state for further
testing.
Once 1980 summer trials
are over, Sasser expects to
receive feedback from
researchers all over the
country who are cooperating
on this stage of the project.
Recipes for 10 or 12
selective media will soon be
ready for release. These will
make it possible to quickly
and accurately identify
Unottfr Fanwing, Satrday, Sept—ifctf S, 19tO-P5
about half the major bac
terial organisms which
affect economic crops m the
U.S.
Though still in the ex
perimental stage, a number
of the media Sasser and
Fieldhouse have developed
are already in use around
the country because they’re
so much more accurate than
existing screening methods.
In the course of their work
they have developed one
medium for a bacterium that
doesn’t even exist in the
U.S.-and hopefully never
will. This causes a South
American citrus disease
which could devastate the
American citrus industry,
should it every become
established here.
The medium is now being
used at ports of entry around
the country. It is also being
field tested in Argentina
under the direction of a
specialist located at the U.S.
Department of Agriculture’s
fruit pathology lab in
Beltsville, Md.
Another medium
developed at the Delaware
Agricultural Experiment
Station identifies a very
destructive bacterium that
attacks a popular house
plant, diffenbachia (dumb
cane).
This medium is being used
by Florida nurserymen to
monitor soil, cuttings and
water in order to prevent
costly field losses they can
experience in producing this
ornamental crop.
The medium developed for
selection of bacterial leaf
spot on peaches was sent to
Rutgers where a plant
pathologist is using it to find
out how the bacterium
causing the disease over-
winters. In time this wort:
may lead to more effective
controls for this disease.
Here in Delaware,
Fieldbouse is using two
experimental media to study
the spread of disease on
cabbage and peppers. Again,
by learning how the infection
spreads, more effective
controls may result.
Bacterial diseases of crops
weren’t too important until
growers lost mercury as a
seed treatment about ten
years ago, says Sasser. Now,
instead of a tenth of an ounce
per acre of mercury applied
on seeds, producers of crops
like peppers and tomatoes
must apply anywhere from
10 to 20 pounds of copper per
acre over the growing
season through repeated
applications of an an
tibacterial spray.
Millions of pounds of
copper are used this way in
the U.S. alone each year.
Besides the cost and dubious
protection afforded by the
sprays, Sasser and
Fieldbouse are concerned
about what this does to -the
environment.
“We’ve really just traded
one heavy metal for
another,” says Sasser. “And
there’s always the chance
that these can accumulate to
toxic levels in the soil. In
time, this could render
farmland incapable of
producing plants any more.”
Instead of using poten
tially polluting copper, the
scientists are shooting for
what they consider a much
more effective approach
detection of bacterial
disease in seeds and seed
treatment.
“We’re after a procedure
(Turn to Page D6>