C24—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 12,1980
How to keep pork
NEWARK, Del. - Rising
production costs and lower
hog prices have combined to
put heavy pressure on
profits for pork producers.
At times like these, tighter
management procedures
can help you stay in the
black, said University of
Delaware extension
livestock specialist Dick
Fowler.
Feed accounts for 55 to 80
percent of swine production
costs. One of the easiest
ways to improve feed
utilization is to cut waste at
the feeder.
Chances are, if the feed
trough or cup that the pig
puts its nose into is half full,
you’re letting him waste too
much food.
Adjust the feeder to that he
must lick the feed from
beneath the adjustment
plate, instead. Hogs have
plenty of time to eat, so let
them work for their food,
advises Fowler
Allow one feeder space for
every four pigs. Balanced
rations mean better weight
gam. Rations low in calcium,
phosphorus and salt produce
poor results.
The growing pig requires
0.6 percent calcium, 0.5
percent phosphorus and five
pounds of salt per ton of
complete ration
Have a feed sample
analyzed periodically to be
sure it contains the proper
amounts of these nutrients
Vitamins stored in the
presence of minerals for
three months lose some of
their potency So use fresh
ingredients for farm mixing
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. Moldy feeds reduce intake,
causing hogs to take longer
to reach market weight. If
the feed bin hasn’t been
cleaned recently, if probably
needs it now.
Water is a cheap nutrient,
so be generous with it. Hogs
drink one to two pounds of
water for every pound of
feed they consume To be
sure they get enough, allow
one waterer for every 25
pigs.
Proper bedding can
reduce the amount of feed
required to maintain body
temperature. To maximize
feed efficiency, provide
animals with a bedded, dry,
draft-free place. Two open
front shelters pulled
together with the third side
boarded up will give
adequate protection for
growing feeder pigs, or for
brood sows during gestation.
Check weights for your
market hogs and sell at the
lowest weight that will
command top price, advises
Fowler.
Cull poor producers,
Old sows should be
replaced with gilts. Record
group farrowing averages
and cull individuals that
farrowed fewer pigs then the
average of the group they
were in Pregnancy test 30 to
45 days after breeding.
The Delaware Extension
Service now has two
pregnancy testers available 1
for producers to use. Contact
your county extension office
if you want to use one of
these machines
ON ARIENS
SPECIAL
profits
Open sows do not pay;
they cost. Identify and cull
them
Parasites are profit
takers, too. Both internal
and external parasites can
dram dollars from your
pocket Establish a regular
dewormmg program for
your sow herd.
Deworm sows before
breeding and again prior to
farrowing. Use broad
spectrum dewormers to
control large roundworms,
whipworms and lungworms.
Use one-day treatments.
To produce worm-free
feeder pigs, feed an an
thelmmtic-antibiotic from 20
to 40 pounds, or use two
separate one-day treatments
at 25 and 35 pounds.
Use smgle-day dewor
nungs to treat market pigs
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soon after their arrival on
your farm and again at 75
and 110 pounds.
" External parasite
problems include mange and
lice. Scheduled spraying is
often neglected because of
pressure from other tasks.
But, warns the specialist,
itchmg and restlessness
reduce feed efficiency and in
severe cases can affect
reproductive performance.
Mange mites and lice can be
eradicated with a regular
spray program
Acceptable insecticides do
not kill eggs, so at least two
treatments at 10-day in
tervals are necessary
Lindane and toxaphene are
the most effective in
secticides. Do not spray
where the floor is used for
feeding. And follow label
directions.
By tightening herd
management m these ways,
you can reduce production
losses and increase your
profit, Fowler said.
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