Battling bugs
I
REHOVOT, Israel -
Israeli scientists here are
successfully controlling fruit
pests and other insects by
trapping them with the
aromatic allure of female
bugs.
In an effort to eliminate
the use of chemical
pesticides, researchers with
a new slant on romance have
transfered the war against
crop-devouring pests to the
boudoir.
This modern version of the
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Samson and Delilah story
has its origin in the
pheromone, an odorous
chemical compound
secreted by insects to
communicate with one
another. Each pheromone
carries a different message
including danger and... the
invitation to mate.
Moshe Stemlicht of the
Institute of Plant Protection
at Israel’s Agriculture
Research Organization is
one of the country’s leading
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with love trap
researchers in the ex
ploitation of pheromones.
The technique, pioneered
m Germany and the United
States, is a simple one, he
says. During the mating
season, male insects are
attracted by pheromones
emitted by the females. This
means that the bug
population is concentrated in
specific locations during a
specific time for the purpose
of reproduction.
Exterminating them at the
right time and place or even
simply disrupting the
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reproductive process would
enable farmers to reduce
crop destruction
significantly.
The trick, then, is to find a
way to exploit the mating
process and the answer lies
in the pheromone which
triggers the cycle of
reproduction.
The technique is based on
the identification, isolation
and, if possible, the snythetic
reproduction of the
pheromone. This work is
done by chemical resear
chers and each insect is a
story unto itself.
Once the pheromone has
been isolated, it can be used
in a number of different
ways.
The most common is
monitoring. The pheromone
is fastened to a crop along
with a gluey transparent
panel. The unsuspecting
male is attracted by the
scent and trapped - but not in
the snares of love.
The farmer counts the
number of males caught per
week and, by keeping a
record over a period of time,
can estimate exactly when
the bug population in his
fields is at its peak.
Then - and only then - he
sprays the crop, guaran
teeing minimum use of
chemical insecticides with
maximum efficiency.
This technique is based on
random plantings of the
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10 Ton Per Week __
@sl9s= *1950.00
Cost when making your own feed with a
FARM FEED MILLING SYSTEM
Ingredient Costs *1643.00
Grinding & Mixing Cost 1.50
Depreciation or
Leasing Cost
Total Feed Cost
EXTRA PROFIT
PER WEEK
WAREHOUSE SALE
Prices Limited to Items In Stock
New Mix Mill Soybean
And Corn Roaster *3,900
Used Mix Mill Soybean
And Corn Roaster *2,200
New Mix Mill Grinder Mixer *1,848
Used 8 Ton Double Comp
(3&5) Feed Tank *950
Lancaster Fanning, Saturday, April 12,1980—C13
pheromone in order to get a
reliable reading of the insect
population. But Stemlicht
says when large numbers of
pheromone-emitting dispe
nsers are scattered all over
the orchard, the entire male
population can be trapped
and exterminated, without
the need to spray them at all.
Another technique which
is now being put into prac
tice is confusion. This is an
instance of the male having
it too good. The pheromone
is emitted from a vast
number of special dispen
sers located all over the
field. The male insect zeros
in on one source of the smell.
. . then another . . . then
another, and soon becomes
so confused about the
whereabouts of its would-be
mate that it gives up.
An even more devious
technique is sterilization. As
the male insect approaches
the pheromone, it brushes
past a substance which
renders it sterile.
The other side of this com
is the development of anti
pheromones, wherein the
pheromone substance is
modified to produce a
compound inhibiting the
attractive power of the
natural pheromones being
diffused by the actual
females in the field.
The last two methods are
still in the early ex
perimental stages.
Not only do they destroy
bugs but they also eliminate
or drastically reduce the
1 ‘ \
i" '
83.34
*1727.84
*223.00
need for chemical sprays,
with all their negative side
effects. In recent years,
scientists say, the nations of
the world spend more than
$2.5 billion annually on two
million tons of pesticides.
The effectiveness of these
methods depends on efficient
means for distributing the
pheromone and trapping the
insects. Sternlicht has
devoted much tune to this
problem; recently he
developed a new dispenser
which allows for the uniform
emission of the pheromone
for up to four months and
does away with the adhesive
plate, which needed frequent
replacement.
The insects are attracted
to a funnel-like object and
they slide down into a plastic
bag which can accommodate
a far larger number of in
sects than could earlier
devices. The farmer has to
replace the traps only once
every four months, thereby
saving valuable work hours.
A different type of
dispenser is being developed
for the confusion technique.
One such device involves the
use of hollow fibers, tiny
hollow plastic tubes filled
with pheromone and sprayed
on the leaves of the crops.
So the war against pests
continues and to those bug
lovers who might protest at
the underhanded methods
being developed, Sternlicht
and his colleagues can only
say, “All’s fair in love and
war ”
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