C2o—Lancaster Faftnirit,' Saturday, March 29,1980
How to
(Continued from Page Cl 9)
The Furadan application
gives protection up to about
60 days, usually until the
first cutting on new stands.
Penn State is also studying
the treatment for fall
seeding, and some growers
have already tried that
practice.
“Leafhoppers are our
worst enemy in this area,”
points out Ross Orner, Jr.,
Rockton, Clearfield County.
He and his family operate
Summit Farms here. He
says he feels the fall ap
plication paid off
“We got a beautiful stand,
even though the seeding rate
was cut to just 7.5 pounds,
half of what we would nor
mally use for straight
alfalfa.”
The insecticide treatment
is cleared only for use on
pure alfalfa stands.
Omer estimates his alfalfa
yields average about five
tons per acre over a season.
But he follows an intensive
management program.
“We run 35 to 40 soil tests
per year, which is a very
valuable tool,’ ’ he points out
Sharply sloping soils in
this area mean about 20
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different soil types are in
cluded in Summit Farms, he
adds.
“We seem to have ideal
growing conditions for
alfalfa here, though. It’s a
little pocket that is a little bit
cooler than some areas and
often a little short and cool
for com, but the alfalfa
stands up well.”
To make sure new
seedings are well
established, the Orners
won’t cut until the crop is in
bloom.
“That helps the root
system get well established.
And getting the new seeding
established is the most
important step,” Orner
adds.
“Even if leafhopper
doesn’t kill out a stand, it can
reduce the alfalfa population
to the point where weeds
come in and take over,”
points out Stan Gesell.
Spring alfalfa seedings are
the hardest hit by leafhop
per, though, Gesell says.
Eugene Moser, Oley,
Berks County, seeds most of
his alfalfa in the spring.
“We’ve had trouble get
ting stands started when
insects hit,” he says.
Last season he applied two
quarts per acre of liquid
Furadan 4F along with his
herbicide, Tolban, on new
when you
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seedmgs. Measured yields
on test plots showed a yield
difference of 0.76 tons per
acre-5.93 tons per acre on
two cuttings in the treated
area, 5.17 tons per acre in the
untreated area.
“I’m planning to use the
same treatment this season
although I’ll put it on with
liquid fertilizer,” Moser says.
“We use our alfalfa very
hard,” Moser points out.
“We’ll start cutting at the
bud stage and cut about
every 30 days. That means
we’ll often get five cuttings
per season.”
But Moser smiles as he
adds, “Last season the
weather was hard on us, and
we only got four.”
Recommended application
procedures for the planting
time treatment call for
broadcastmg 10 to 20 pounds
of Furadan 10G or one to two
quarts of Furadan 4F per
acre. Either insecticide
should be incorporated just
prior to seeding.
At the two quart rate, the
4F formulation will run $l6
to $lB per acre. The granules
are somewhat cheaper, at
about $l4 cost for materials.
Wendler says farmers can
get by with about half the
normal label rate if all goes
well, but that they may
sacrifice some residual
control.
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At standard rates, the
material gives about 60 days
protection, or one cutting.
There must be a delay of 60
da} s between application of
material and feeding of cut
alfalfa. This period would be
about the normal interval
between planting and first
cutting.
Should cows break into a
new stand of alfalfa before
the withdrawl tune of 60
days, FMC recommends
dumping the milk for 96
hours, or eight milkings
from cows which ate treated
alfalfa.
Other leafhopper control
methods on new stands call
for spraying after the crop is
up, or of course, no treat
ment at all. But the latter
method runs the risk of
losing the stand entirely or
sharp reductions m the
protein value of the crop,
points out Gesell.
“Leafhopper feeding is
responsible for a sharp
reduction in protein content
that adversely affects the
feeding value of the forage,”
he adds.
Not only do leafhoppers
actually feed and suck juices
out of the plants, but they
mject a toxin that results in
the plugging of vessels which
carry nutrients.
Damaged stands will be
stunted and yellowish. The
crop has reduced vigor and
lowered yields, .as well as
lower protein content, Gesell
adds.
The leafhoppers are ac
tually killed off each year
when freezing weather
arrives. But the migratory
pest heads north from
warmer climates and
arrives in time to sap the life
out of the crop ahead of the
first cutting, arriving in late
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