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GEORGETOWN, Del. - A
lot of experimenting is going
on right now with cultural
practices for soybeans, with
an eye toward improving
yields.
One technique gaining
popularity on Delmarva is
full-season drilled beans.
The yield potential is
probably greater with this
than with any other cropping
method now recommended,
says University of Delaware
extension agronomy
specialist Frank Webb. But,
he warns, management of
this planting system must be
very keen because there’s no
room for error. Once your
beans are in, you’re very
limited in what you can do to
correct any mistakes.
Currently Webb is looking
at an even newer approach
Full-season drilled beans
offer top yield potential
to soybean farming full
season, no-till. This system
involves planting soybeans
into a cover crop or crop
residue without any prior
tillage. In this sense the
method resembles that used
for no-till com production.
The specialist isn’t
recommending this ap
proach yet for soybeans. But
for the past two years he’s
been evaluating soybean
response to various tillage
alternatives, along with
irrigation, row spacing and
cover crops in an extension
demonstration on the
University Substation farm
near Georgetown.
The results should make it
easier to develop an ef
fective no-till program for
full-season beans.
The demonstration in-
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, February 9, 1950—C47
eludes conventional tillage,
in-row subsoiling on con
ventionally prepared
ground, and no-tillage
plantings of full-season
beans.
Yields are being compared
from 10, 15, and 30 inch row
spacings in both the con
ventional and no-till plan
tings. The subsoiling
treatments are all in 30 inch
rows because the subsoiling
practice does not lend itself
to close row spacing.
Another part of the
demonstration compares the
effects of cover crops on
yield in both conventional
and no-till beans.
Covers include vetch, rye,
Austrian winter peas,
crimson clover, and
arrowleaf clover. Soybeans
are planted directly in these
covers, as well as in rotation
after com planted in a cover
crop.
So far there has been no
soybean yield response to
direct planting in a cover
under any of the tillage or
row spacing treatments,
reports Webb. In 1978 and
1979 both conventional and
no-till beans averaged about
35 bushels an acre.
Subsoiling 16 inches
directly beneath the row
resulted in an increase of 4 to
5 bushels per acre.
No-till yields in the
demonstration appear to be
closely related to row
spacing. In 10-inch rows, no
tillage soybeans yielded 40
bushels an acre; in 15-inch
rows, 36 bushels; and in 30-
inch rows, only 33 bushels.
Sparks wins grant
to improve corn yields
NEWARK - Dr. Donald
L. Sparks, department of
plant science, University of
Delaware, has received a
$15,000 competitive grant
from the Potash and
Phosphate Institute,
Washington, D.C., to study
boron and postassium fer
This suggests that closing
up rows as much as possible
can lehd to a big im
provement in yield, says
Webb.
He also notes that the
closer the row spacmg, the
less weed pressure there
was.
“We’re not ready yet to
advocate a switch to full
season, no-till soybeans,” he
says.
With only two years’
results to go on there’s still a
lot of work to be done. But
before long he hopes to be
able to come up with some
recommendations.
“For the present,” he
says, “I would advise
anyone who’s thinking of
trying this approach to get in
touch with your country
agent for the latest in
formation available.”
He also suggests that
growers interested' in the
effects of row spacing on
soybean yield attend the
upcoming Delmarva
Soybean Meeting, Thursday,
February 14, from 8:30 ajn.
to 3:15 p.m. at Convention
Hall in Ocean City, Md. One
of the speakers at that
meeting will be James
Bunpfiy of North Carolina
State University. A soybean
production specialist, he will
talk on “Soybean Row
Spacing and Plant In
teraction.”
For more information
about this meeting, or free
lunch tickets, contact yotir
county extension agent or
local agribusiness firms.
tilization and leaching in
sandy soils.
According to Dr. Charles
R. Curtis, chairperson of the
department of plant science,
Dr. Sparks is a recent
faculty addition who will
carry teaching and research
duties in the area of soil
chemistry.
The three-year project will
involve field studies and
basic laboratory research
conducted at the Delaware
Agricultural Experiment
Station to determine the
amount of leaching of ap
plied boron and potassium.
Other objectives of the
research are to study the
leaching effect on corn
yields, in addition to in
vestigating the influence of
irrigation and application
methods on the response of
field corn to boron and
potassium.
The research is important
because sandy soils have
little capacity to retain
applied boron and
potassium. Sparks’ study
will attempt to determine
the rates of boron and
potassium fertilizers needed
to maximize corn yields
under intense management
situations-those involving
irrigation and high plant
populations.
The development of this
knowledge may be useful in
helping farmers attain
higher corn yields.
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