Ay
fladimir Zworkykin, Russian emigre, is called "the
Father of television" for inventing the iconoscope,
the camera tube that made TV systems possible.
ATTENTION FARMERS AND TRUCKERS
GO
Standard Livestock Trailer as Shown is 20'x6' with Metal
Top and Front.
• LIVESTOCK TRAILER
•UTILITY TRAILER
•FLATBED TRAILER
STANDARD METAL TOP STOCK
TRAILER AS SHOWN ABOVE
COMES IN LENGTHS OF
14 & 16 FEET.
• We have a 20x6 Used
Gooseneck Trailer
CHECK OUR PRICES BEFORE YOU BUY
FISHER AND STOLTZFUS TRAILER SALES
R. 1, Box 346, Gap, Pa. 17526
Call 717768-3832 or 717-354-0723
NIC
mathews mmm
THE PROVEN WAY TO:
• Freedom From Weather Worries
• Minimum Field Losses
• Highest Quality Finished Crops
• Time and Labor Savings
• Better Prices
• Increased Energy Savings
ELECTRIC CONTINUOUS FLOW MODELS
CONTINUOUS FLOW MODELS - TRACTOR PTO
DRYERATION CAPACITIES UP TO 1400 BU./HR.
Final Unit In Stock - Available Immediately
MODEL 675 CONTINUOUS FLOW M-G DRYER w/PTO DRIVE
-
• EQUIPMENT TRAILER
• TILT-BED TRAILER
This 16’ x 8’ grain
trailer is designed to
haul grain. The body
has 40” sides, and a
grain door in the rear.
HIGH SPEED
CONTINUOUS
GRAIN DRYERS
Japan reopens timothy hay market
WASHINGTON, D.C. -
Design an export fumigation
treatment that would pre
vent introduction of Hessian
fly into Japan in baled
timothy hay shipped from
the United States.
SEA entomologists
Charles L. Storey and Jim
my H. Hatchett, Manhattan,
Kans., received this assign
ment because an export
market worth $7 to $lO
million annually was at
stake. Timothy hay from the
United States Washington
had been rejected by
Japan’s plant quarantine in
spectors because it contain
ed prohibited plant
materials.
The entomologists’
research led to reopening of
this market. Shipments of
timothy hay in the first
month were valued at about
$1 million - but their assign
ment was hardly routine.
Timothy is not a reported
host of Hessian fly in the
United States. Hessian fly is
primarily a pest of wheat.
Other small grains and
several grasses of the tribe
Hordeae - which does not in
clude timothy - are satisfac
tory host plants.
The few reports of Hessian
fly in Washington since the
1930’s also caused
agriculturists to question
whether the insect is
established in the state. In
1932, the fly had only been
found west of the Cascade
Mountains, not the area ship
ping most of the timothy to
Japan.
And postharvest fumiga
tion studies to kill Hessian
fly had never been done.
Neither had occurrence or
survival of this pest been
demonstrated in plant
materials cut, baled, stored,
and shipped with timothy
hay.
the Hessian fly problem
began when Japanese
quarantine inspectors found
stems and leaves of
HEY EQUIPMENT
COMPANY, INC.
Agropyron-spedes grasses
as well as wheat and barley
straw in bales of U.S.
timothy hay. Japan’s regula
tions prohibit entry of such
plant materials because they
might serve as hosts of the
Hessian fly, a pest not
established there.
Appeals to the U.S.
agricultural attache in
Tokyo from both the ex
porters and Japanese hay
buyers resulted in a request
for help from the Foreign
Agricultural Service to SEA
and the Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service.
SEA assigned a research
team bringing together
Storey’s expertise on
fumigation and Hatchett’s
on the Hessian fly.
Eliminating the prohibited
materials from hay
shipments was not practical.
Agropyron-species grasses
grow throughout the hay
producing area. And rotation
of wheat and hay in the same
fields allows establishment
of volunteer wheat plans in
new hay fields.
The Japanese Ministry of
Agriuclture, Forestry, and
Fisheries indicated it would
consider amending its
quarantine law. But only if
USDA would develop a
fumigation procedure and
demonstrate its complete ef
fectiveness against test Hes
sian flies placed in baled hay
that was fumigated under
actual shipping conditions.
APHIS was also asked for
a procedure to verify and
document an approved treat
ment.
Field surveys by Hatchett
in cooperation with en
tomologist Keith S. Pike of
Washington State Universi
ty, Prosser, confirmed that
Hessian fly is indeed
established in Washington.
They found light to heavy in
festations in western coun
ties and also light to
moderate numbers in cen
tral and south-central areas
Model 675 EM
SYCAMORE IND. PARK
255 PLANE TREE DRIVE
LANCASTER, PA 17603
(717)393-5807
Koute3oWest At
The Centerville Exit
Lancaster Fanning, Saturday, November 10,1079
where it had not been
reported before.
Preliminary laboratory
fumigation tests at Manhat
tan with aluminum
phosphide indicated that
some Hessian fly larvae and
pupae (puparia) are ex
tremely tolerant to treat
ment at 70°F (21.1°C) or
below.
These tests indicated a
necessary dosage rate of 300
phosphide pellets per 1,000
cubic feet (28.3 cubic
meters), the maximum per
mitted by label registration,
and an exposure time of 7
days. Smaller dosages or
shorter exposure time
resulted in fly survival at
50*F (MTC), the lowest hay
bale temperature permitted
for assured effectiveness.
The entomologists worked
with the Washinspn State
Department of Agriculture
and hay producer-exporters
organized by Ron T. Ander
son, president of the Na
tional Hay Association, in
planning research strategy
and assembling shipping
containers, hay, and person
nel for tests meeting the
strict conditions required by
the Japanese.
Baled hay for fumigation
tests in Washington was
loaded in aluminum con
tainers 40 feet (12 meters)
long used for export
shipments. The tests provid
ed data for establishing
dosage, exposure time,
temperature limitations,
method of aluminum
phosphide treatment, and
aeration of degassing pro
cedure after fumigation.
Insects for the tests were
reared on wheat seedlings in
a Manhattan greenhouse.
About 23,000 puparia per test
were transported to
Washington, where they
were inserted in bales that
were placed at four places in
each container. After
fumigation, the puparia
were returned to the
greenhouse in Kansas for
observations on adult
emergence.
The entomologists exposed
only puparia because other
Hessian fly stages would not
survive on nonliving plant
material such as straw and
grass stems in baled hay.
The fumigation procedure
met the requirements
established by the Japanese.
Any possible Hessian fly
contamination in baled hay
was effectively controlled.
Fumigation concentrations
were below the maximum
allowable at shipment. And
phosphide residues left in
hay after treatment were
below the internationally ac
cepted maximum of 0.1 parts
per million.
When results of the tests
were presented to Japanese
officials in Tokyo, they
agreed to permit resumption
of U.S. shipments to Japan,
provided the hay is
fumigated under guidelines
proposed by SEA and treat
ment is verified by APHIS.
The U.S. team responsible
for negotiating the agree
ment included agricultural
attache Dudley D. Williams
of USDA’s Foreign
Agricultural Service (FAS),
Storey, Harold S. Shirakawa
of APHIS, and Anderson,
representing the growers.
USDA
whey
standards
WASHINGTON, D.C. - The
U.S. Department of
Agriculture has proposed
revising the U.S. standards
for dry whey to include whey
of higher acidity than is now
eligible for grading under
the standard.
The proposal provides for
grading the more acidic
wheys resulting from the
manufacture of Italian
cheeses and cottage cheese.
Currently only the “sweet
whey” resulting from the
manufacture of Cheddar
cheese is covered by the
grade standard.
To meet the requirements
for the U.S. Extra grade, dry
whey would have to meet six
quality factors concerning
flavor, physical appearance,
bacteria count, coliform
count, milk fat content anc
moisture content.
The revision was proposed
because advances in food
technology have resulted in
increased market demand
for dry whey for use as a
food ingredient.
The proposed revision was
published in the Oct. 12
Federal Register. Copies are
available from the Poultry
and Dairy Quality Division,
Food Safety and Quality
Service, USDA, Washington,
D.C., 20250.
Comments on the proposal
should be submitted in
duplicate to the hearing
clerk. Room 1077-S, USDA,
Washington, D.C., 20250,
where they will be available
for public inspection.
The department's Food
Safety and Quality Service
establishes grade standards
and provides official grading
for many food products. Use
of the standards and grading
services is voluntary.
125