)
I
Good growth conditions needed for
NEWARK, Del. - It’s the
roots below the plow layer,,
down in the subsoil, that
carry com and soybean
plants through short periods
of moisture stress. As roots
go deeper, the supply of
available moisture in
creases. But roots don’t go
deep on comand. They move
in the direction of a
favorable environment.
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INCREASE OF 2.1 POUNDS MORE MILK PER COW PER DAY.
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Reports & Details
ZOOK & RANCK INC.
points out University of
Delaware Extension
agronomist Dr. William H.
Mitchell.
Good aeration, a favorable
pH, an adequate supply of
nutrients and available
moisture are some of the
factors that make good
growing conditions for roots.
Unfortunately, it is difficult
to improve growing con-
2.1 POUNDS
MORE MILK
FOR 2 CENTS
increase your milk
GAP, PA. 17527
PHONE: 717-442-4171
ditions in the subsoil.-Sub
soiling is the most practical
approach to the problem, but
the effects are often tem
porary and result in little or
no yield increase.
Many of the cultivated,
sandy soils of lower
Delaware have compacted
layers - or traffic pans - at
the 10 to 15 inch depth. A
close loo)c at com root
✓ systems in 30 irrigated fields
on this type of soil shows that
shallow rooting is a result of
too little water. The
agronomist examined com
plants in these fields for
members of the “First State
Irrigation Project”, an
Extension program aimed at
helping local fanners attain
the 200 bushel an acre yields
he and his colleagues at the
University say are possible
with proper crop
management.
Mitchell’s findings don’t
support the popular belief
that an early-season drought
will cause com roots to go
deeper into the soil in search
of water. On the contrary, it
appears that as the season
progresses and plants
remove water from com-
pacted layers, • the soil
becomes' hard and almost
impossible for roots to
penetrate.
This may be the principal
reason for the shallow root
systems that develop in
many com fields. On several
farms where plants were
well irrigated,, the
agronomist found roots at 30
to 40 inch depths. On the
other hand, in almost all
cases where a moisture
stress developed early in the
season, corn leaves
responded by rolling or
twisting and roots were
found to be only 12 to 13 in
ches deep. “Drought doesn’t
make roots go deeper,” says
Mitchell. “It may, in fact,
cause a very shallow root
system to develop.”
Swollen, club-like root tips
are characteristic of the
growth in compacted soil
which occurs under drought
"“Conditions. This abnormal
growth is usually found
where roots have passed
through the moist and more
easily penetrated plow layer
and then, as water supplies
diminish, come in contact
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, August 26,1971
roots
with hard, compacted soil at
the 10 to 12 inch depth.
Efforts to correct this
problem by subsoiling have
been disappointing. Placing
subsurface irrigation lines at
the bottom of a subsoiling
trench has produced a
Order 4 to
be amended
WASHINGTON, D.C. -
Under a U.S. Department of
Agriculture final decision,
the current method of
pricing Class I - or fluid use -
• milk under the Middle
Atlantic federal milk
marketing order would be
continued, but some other
order provisions would be
changed.
Herbert L. Forest, dairy
official with USDA’s
Agricultural Marketing
Service, said the amended
order still must be approved
by at least two-thirds of the
dairy farmers operating
under the order if the
changes are to go into effect.
USDA will poll cooperative
associations in the market to
determine producer ap
proval.
Forest said this final
decision is the same as the
recommended or tentative
decision published in the
April 27 Federal Register.
The tentative decision was
based on a public hearing in
Philadelphia last October.
The present method oi
pricing Class I milk under
the order, Forest said, is a
basic formula, plus a $2.78
Gass I differential. The
Minnesota-Wisconsin price
serves as the basic formula
price under the Middle
Atlantic order.
Maintaining this pricing
method is essential, Forest
said, because the Middle
Atlantic price formula is an
integral part of a coor
dinated pricing system for
federal milk orders. This
coordination is needed to
keep Class I prices aligned
among handlers on a con-
dramatic increase in corn
yields, but it appears this
has been a result of
irrigation and not subeoiling,
reports the agronomist.
The subsoil contains plant
nutrients such as potassium
and manganese as well as
badly needed moisture, but
these are of little value if
there isn’t enough rainfall or
irrigation to permit roots to
penetrate this layer of soil.
turning basis, and to permit
milk to move easily among
markets, Forest explained.
The decision denies a
proposal for a bracketed
pricing system and
proposals to lower the Class
I differential from its
present $2.78. Requests by
handler and producer groups
to reopen the hearing to
reconsider the Class I dif
ferential issue also were
denied.
Proposed order changes
would relax provisions for
pooling a distributing plant
and for diverting producers’
milk to nonpool plants when
it is not needed for fluid use
at a distributing plant. Still
another change would allow
operators of partially
regulated plants to increase
Class I sales in the Middle
Atlantic order area to a
limited extent without
becoming fully regulated
under the order.
Copies of this final
decision may be obtained
from Market Administrator
Joseph D. Shine, 300 N. Lee
St, Rm. 320, Alexandria, Va.
22313; or from the Dairy
Division, AMS, USDA,
Washington, D.C. 20230.
111