Hay
(Continued from Page 118)
available on the contents of
the chemicals used in the
1940’5. Manufacturers
tended to hang onto their
“secrets” and die formulas,
if known, might not nave
been very exciting anyway.
Regardless of the formula,
the late 40’s and early 1950’s
hay chemicals didn’t dent
the market much. Damp hay
treated with the “powders”
may not have molded as
badly as untreated hay but it
was usually very dusty
coming out of storage. There
were a few fires, too.
Apparently, some of the
chemicals had a real kick.
Treated hay may have
sometimes resulted in milk
flavor problems. This was
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preservatives
described as “cardboard”
flavor. And, depending on
the chemicals used, the milk
produced by cows fed the
treated hay sometimes had
very low bacteria counts.
Users reported some milk
inspectors could pick it out
at tiie milk plant. Inspectors
would call up to ask if they’d
been feeding powder-treated
hay. The ultra-low bacteria
count was the clue.
Whatever the reason,
those early chemical hay
preservatives didn’t solve
the wet weather haying
problems, according to the
New Holland employee.
Bam-dried hay was the
one solution that worked.
Unfortunately, the people
who used the system to make
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high-quality hay in spite of
catchy weather really
worked. It took a lot more
effort to place 40 per cent
moisture hay bales on a
drying platform than to
stack at random. The extra
labor required made the
“practical” solution an, im
practical proposition for
labor-shy dairymen, says
Reeves.
About then conditioners
came along to crush thick
stemmed crops for faster
curing. That development
began about 50 years ago
and came of age with the
introduction of mower
conditioners in the mid 60’s.
Hay curing speeded up.
The speed-up in drying
time barely kept pace with
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the yield mcreases we were
getting from better varieties
and higher fertilization, says
Reeves. A 2-ton an acre yield
gives you a swath about
twice as thick as a 1-ton
yield. The thicker swath just
takes more time to cure.
That’s'the reason we still
need about as many days
between cutting and baling
as during the Depression, he
explains.
Then haylage came along.
Fully mechanized, the
haylage system let humid
area hay growers get their
first cutting off between
showers because it didn’t
need to be dried down much
under 50 or 60 per cent
moisture.
Nevertheless, farmers
continue to bale hay. Reeves
predicts baling will be better
than ever once we get some
good preservatives that’ll let
us bale at the same moisture
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Lancaster 1 Farming, Saturday, May 27,1975
content at which we like to
chop for haylage.
Some are already on the
market, the New Holland
man advises. Among other
possible choices, mixtures of
propionic and acetic acid are
getting moderately good
reviews from farmers who
have a season or two ex
perience. (Propionic acid is
the chemical that keeps
bread “fresh” in the grocery
store and acetic acid is what
makes vinegar taste dif
ferent from good hard
cider.)
But research at Purdue
University and elsewhere
shows real promise for
anhydrous ammonia, too.
Investigation continues, but
there’s some indication the
NH3 applied at about one per
cent will do the task. It might
even be more economical
than some other materials.
A big question now is
whether to treat as we bale
or in the stack. With NH3
gas, it may be easier in the
stack, comments Reeves.
If this does become
Beekeeping contest
winners named
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state winner of the American
Beekeeping Federation’s
Annual 4-H Essay Contest.
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Moon, 4-H specialist at Penn
State, the winning entry will
be entered in national
competition with winners to
be announced after June 1.
Dennis will vie for a $250
cash award.
His essay, “Chemical
Poisoning - A Threat to
Honey Bees,” deals with the
misuse of toxic substances
and their effects on bees and
the honey they produce.
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practical, part of the
economics might be the
protein boost you’d get from
ammonia-treated hay fed to
dairy and beef cattle. The
ammonia nitrogen would be
expected to have the protein
substitution benefits of urea
based supplements. We
already use it on silage.
Hie ammonia may even
tend to improve the fiber
digestibility of poorer
quality forages. Ammonia
treated straw is being
evaluated as a roughage at
several research centers.
If the thought of tagging a
nurse tank of ammonia
around the alfalfa field
behind the baler doesn’t
seem appealing, there may
be an easier way.
Urea, applied dry, will
change to ammonia as it
reacts with the moisture in
the hay. Apparently, this
urease activity is fairly
' rapid. Converted to am
monia gas, the urea would
have similar anti-mold
preservative characteristics
as the NH3 gas. It might be
easier to handle, he says.
Second place winner in
the contek was Andrew
Paterson, Glen Mills. His
topic was “Pesticides and
the Honey Bee.”
Other 4-H members
participating in the essay
program were Maria Cizek,
Coudersport, Kevin Tasker,
Sazonburg; Kim Sigmond,
Evans City; and Jay Jelliff,
Oceala and Caryn O’Brien of
Cedars, Pa.
Contest judges were Dr.
Clarence Collison and Mr.
Richard Hackman of the
Penn State Department of
Entomology faculty.
huh
m Feed Foctory
123